Im no ammunition expert but heres some food for thought: I always hear complaints about 20MM cannons being to powerful and single ping kills not being fair. So I decided to do a side by side comparison of a single burst from 4x20MM and 6x.50Cal
This diagram shows the size difference and an apporximate physical impact area of the bullets (if hitting sideways). This diagram does not show actual damage area because that all depends on the angle the bullets hit, the convergence, and explosive HE rounds vs. non explosive rounds, and rate of fire.
But all that aside you can see that 4x20mm has a larger potential impact area on a single burst. Now the .50Cal has a higher rate of fire so this diagram is only to illustrate why a CHOG can get a "single ping" kill and most .50cal planes can't.
Keep in mind that if you were to diagram the 20MM impact area and include the explosive damage, the area in the diagram could double the illustrated size.
Another thing to consider is that when you see a "flash" as you are hitting a plane it usually represents 1-5 bullets depending on distance to target and your bullet convergence. For example...at 400yds my CHOG will drop a plane and I'll only see 2 flashes, but at 150yds I have seen 6 to 8 flashes and not even made the enemy plane start smoking. The difference is obviously convergence. Your bullets are always going to be more leathal within your convergence setting.

enjoy!