Before you go tossing anything, look for your CMOS Clear jumper and clear your CMOS. Depends on the MOBO, but it will be somewhere in the area around your processor. There will be 3 pins, a jumper will be on 2 of them, usually the left 2. You move the jumper from pins 1-2 to pins 2-3 and leave it there for 5-10 seconds. Then move it back to the original setting and try to start your computer.
What you describe sounds like what happens when you make changes to your BIOS the computer doesnt like. I'm guessing in leaving it on, the computer overheated and shut down. This could have corrupted the BIOS. Of course, following this line of reasoning, its also possible the CPU is fried. Or, as Sparks said, the power supply could have overheated too.
If you reset the CMOS you will have to reset all the settings in your BIOS, including time/date. Make sure you run the HD detection, as sometimes this works on its own and sometimes it doesnt. Never hurts to do it and make sure.
Good luck.
SA2