Well, Udie, so many questions and so little time... I get to y PC for maybe 2 hours in 3 days now
Elections:
We have "democratic" elections. Presidental elections - direct, if anyone gets more then 50% - hes a president, if not - there is a second round for top 2 candidates.
Last time most of the people voted for Putin and were unable to tell why they did...
Parliament (Duma, the "congress") elections are based on personal elections and on wotes for partys. Every party that gets more then 5% gets a quote in Duma. "Senate", or "Federation Counsil" is formed from representatives of the 89 regions of Russia, gouvernors or local Dumas chairmen, or just representatives (Putin doesn't want gouvernors in Senate).
Parties. Main parties on the last elections were:
"Yedinstvo/Medved" ("Unity/Bear"), the Putin's party with no program or creative ideas except for standard "Russia forever we must unite etc ad nauseum".
Communuists: blame everyone, wave red flags, Stalin's portraits, "working class" rethorics with commercial interests behind it. Stealing whatever they are allowed. People who vote for them are loosers, 60+ years old pensioneers and idealistic communists (nice people indeed, somehow like Christians).
Union of Right forces: Young "democrats", extremely pro Western, idealistic and romantic capitalists. Some economical ideasare nice, like lower taxes, but overall ideological platform is incomperhancive to common people. Vote against Chechen war, did so even after terrorist acts in Moscow...
"Yabloko" ("Apple"): party of one man, Gregory Yavlinskiy. A little to the left from Union of the Rights. Yavlinskiy was the man that I voted for president, he got impresive 15% after Putin and Zyuganov, communist leader.
Others are marginals and local minotities.
Let me continue tomorrow... The next part is much more serious. Have to go now. Sorry for "official" answer so far.