Originally posted by Simaril
And what is RVSM?
Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum.
1000ft lateral separation between airplanes at or above FL290 to FL410
USA changed from C(onventional)VSM to RVSM early in this year.
In CVSM lateral separation is 2000ft at or above FL290.
In other words more efficient use of airspace.
FL means Flight Level, which means altitude with stantard air pressure: 29,92in (In europe 1013 millibars)
Ie. FL290 would be 29,000ft, if the local pressure is 29,92in
Usually it is something else than exactly 29,000ft, depending on the local pressure that aircraft is travelling through.
Local pressure is used at lower altitudes, which is separated by transition altitude between the flight level and altitude.
In europe 5000ft (18,000ft in US and Canada) is often used as a transition altitude, meaning that theres no such altitude as 6000ft but instead FL060, however when air pressure is below 29.92in/1013 millibars the FL060 isn't used due to insufficient lateral separation (1000ft at all altitudes below FL410).
At 1009 millibars the lateral separation at FL060 to 5000ft would be only ~900ft, meaning the plane flying at FL060 would be actually flying 5,900ft from sea level.
In this case the next altitude from 5000ft would be FL070.
Nowadays planes can maintain altitude pretty well and due to increased volume of air traffic the CVSM has become insufficient.
Europe has used RVSM for quite long time now unlike the USA.
+-75ft derivation of armed altitude is allowed in RVSM. I don't remember what it is in CVSM.
For older planes RVSM means they cannot fly at or above FL290 anymore, unless upgraded - which is expensive and often not worth it.
In CVSM and RVSM you've also had to use autopilot at or above FL290.
Quite likely the plane in question in this thread descended to FL280 due to having to fly manually - it's usually forbid to fly on autopilot with in-flight damage, regardless of the status of autopilot.
Different FL's are also used for different directions.
In RVSM it's simple: odd levels are for eastward traffic and even levels for westward traffic.
CVSM uses only odd levels: FL290 east - FL310 west - FL330 east - FL350 west.. and so on.