You said:"The value of the dollar certainly causes a problem, but how does this explain ridiculous prices elsewhere in the world?" That is the only part of your post I have a problem with.
If you read the quote, gas prices in the US are related to cost here in the country. But how does this explain high gas prices elsewhere in the world in Norway Taxes are huge so that explains the differences, crude prices are higher that explains why prices are higher, cost of refining, demand all these relate to high gas prices. Supply and demand as you say competition drive prices etc.
http://www.wired.com/cars/energy/magazine/15-06/st_atlas Norway is the world's third-largest oil exporter, but hefty taxes aimed at reducing CO2 emissions mean high prices for petrol. So yes taxes in your country are the cause of high gas prices there (not price gouging of oil companies which was my original point) "The value of the dollar certainly causes a problem, but how does this explain ridiculous prices elsewhere in the world?" I am saying here and it may just be a translation issue is that the value of the dollar does NOT affect prices elsewhere in the world that is why I put the word "BUT" in there.
Once again I put the word BUT which means the US dollar has nothing to do with prices elsewhere, again BUT means it doesn't relate to other countries.