You would have to be insane to try that in real life. In that diagram it appears that the left landing gear would pass around 8' from the left edge of the flight deck where it's narrower toward the stern and the right wingtip would pass around 6' from the closest gun mount. That would be extremely difficult to perform (about comparable to flying through a hangar, which I kinda doubt any B-17 in history ever did) and the slightest error in maneuvering or braking would send the plane either overboard or straight into the island at 90+mph. Also keep in mind that you're talking about a landing strip that is rolling and/or pitching, the plane has no arresting gear, the undercarriage was not designed to take the impact of landing at the steep rate of descent for carrier landings (carrier planes had and still have beefed up landing gear for this), the LSO would never have landed a plane like that before, and B-17 pilots were completely untrained in carrier landings, which are a difficult and dangerous operation for novices even when they've spent considerable time training for it and they're flying planes designed for it. And while it might be possible to roll to a stop in 862 feet, if you misjudge your landing and land even a little bit short or long on that pitching deck you and every crewman on the plane are going to die.
Lastly, the flight deck on that class was wood planking over a relatively thin sheet of steel, essentially a lightweight platform erected on top of the hangar deck, which was the strength deck of the ship (the Essex class were the last class of US carriers to be built that way), and in no way designed for landing a 20-ton airplane - that's four times the weight of a TBM. I have no idea whether it would take the weight without bending the steel or splintering the planking, and the pilot and the ship captain probably wouldn't have had any idea either, but it certainly wouldn't be good for the deck - and that deck is a much more valuable asset than a B-17.
All things considered, given that the plane is going to be thrown overboard anyway, your chances would be better ditching near the carrier and having a destroyer pick the crew up.