Author Topic: Interesting Me-163 Tech data  (Read 204 times)

Offline deSelys

  • Gold Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 2512
Interesting Me-163 Tech data
« on: August 04, 2002, 10:54:09 AM »
Quote
From 'Warplanes of the Luftwaffe', edited by David Donald, World Air Power Journal, ISBN 1-874023-56-5
Powerplant
The Me 163B was powered by a single Hellmuth Walter Werke R II-211 rocket motor, with fuel for six minutes at full throttle. Derived from Von Braun's 2.89-kN (650-lb st) A 1 rocket engine of 1935, the engine was closely based on Walter's TP-1 and TP-2 'cold' rockets using hydrogen peroxyde (T-Stoff) with an aqueous solution of sodium or calcium permanganate (Z-Stoff) as a catalyst. Essentially the engine consisted of a steam generator into which the two fuels were sprayed using compressed air. This drove a turbine, which powered the pump that delivered T-Stoff to the combustion chamber. The TP-2 was redesignated as the HWK (Hellmuth Walter Kiel) R I-203, and was developed progressively into the R II-203 which powered early Me 163 prototypes. Substitution of a solution of 30 per cent methyl alcohol, 13 per cent water and 17 per cent cupracyanide (C-Stoff) for the Z-Stoff resulted in a hot rocket engine with more thrust and greater reliability, which did not generate a white vapor trail. This was the R II-211, redesignated HWK 509A in production form.

Fuel
The Z-Stoff originally used as a catalyst in the Me 163A was prone to clogging the feed pipes, but the T-Stoff had even worse characteristics. Highly unstable, and prone to spontaneous combustion when exposed to organic material (such as human flesh), T-Stoff was also highly corrosive. The Me 163 pilot was surrounded by T-Stoff tanks in flight, and had to wear a non-organic flying suit made of asbestos-Mipolamfibre. The C-Stoff catalyst used in the Me 163 was also highly reactive, and had to be stored in glass or enamelled containers.

Armament
The Me 163B was initially armed with a pair of Mauser 20-mm MG 151 cannon, but from the 47th pre-production aircraft these were replaced by 30-mm Rheinmetall-Borsig MK 108 cannon, each with 60 rounds of ammunition.


To be continued...
Current ID: Romanov

It's all fun and games until someone loses an eye... then it's just a game to find the eye

'I AM DID NOTHING WRONG' - Famous last forum words by legoman

Offline deSelys

  • Gold Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 2512
Interesting Me-163 Tech data
« Reply #1 on: August 04, 2002, 11:15:56 AM »
Quote
From 'Warplanes of the Luftwaffe', edited by David Donald, World Air Power Journal, ISBN 1-874023-56-5
Wing
Trials with the Me 163 V1 and V4 during October 1941 saw the aircraft reaching speeds of up to 885 km/h (550 mph), with maximum speed limited by fuel capacity. To get around this, Heini Dittmar (Note: famous glider pilot) had the Me 163 V4 fully tanked and then towed into the air behind a Bf 110C tug. Lighting the rocket, Dittmar accelerated to 1009.96 km/h (623.85 mph) (equivalent to Mach 0.84) when compressibility effect forced the aircraft into a steep dive, from which Dittmar recovered by cutting the engine. The sudden change in pitch stability was due to the fact thatthe Me 163 V4 had essentially retained the wing of the DFS 194, with considerable washout which caused wingtip compressibility stalls. On the Me 163B the wing was considerably redesigned, with reduced sweep on the trailing edge, constant sweep on the leading edge and with low drag fixed slots on the outer 40 per cent of the wing leading edge. These removed the danger of tip stalling, and also made the Me 163 unspinnable. Even with fully crossed controls, the aircraft would only sideslip.

Handling
Hauptmann Wolfgang Späte, reassigned from the Russian Front as Me 163 project officer, was one of the first Luftwaffe pilots to fly the Me 163.
"I found this creation of Lippisch to be an aircraft with flight characteristics so beautifully balanced that I have seldom flown one like it, before or since".
At speed, this was true enough, but the rudder and elevons required plenty of airspeed before they became effective, and there was a limited amount of directional control even at flying speed. Furthermore, the aircreft had a tendency to porpoise on take-off, which was a major problem since a heavy impact with the ground could cause a catastrophic explosion.

Thrust
High altitude thrust of 16.67 kN (3,748 lb)

Performance
Maximum speed about 830 km/h (510-520 mph) at low levels, rising to 960 km/h (597 mph) above 3000 m (9,845 ft); initial climb 4900m (16,080 ft) per minute; service ceiling 12000 m (39,370 ft); maximum rocket endurance (allowing periods at reduced thrust) 7 minutes 30 seconds; practical range about 130 km (80 miles) not allowing for combat.

Weights
Empty 1900 kg (4,190 lb); maximum take-off 4310 kg (9,502 lb).


To be continued (a bit later)...
Current ID: Romanov

It's all fun and games until someone loses an eye... then it's just a game to find the eye

'I AM DID NOTHING WRONG' - Famous last forum words by legoman

Offline Starbird

  • Copper Member
  • **
  • Posts: 208
Interesting Me-163 Tech data
« Reply #2 on: August 04, 2002, 11:38:10 AM »
This site has more info on the rockets and fuels used in the 163's.

http://www.walter-rockets.i12.com/

Offline deSelys

  • Gold Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 2512
Interesting Me-163 Tech data
« Reply #3 on: August 04, 2002, 02:48:27 PM »
Quote
From 'Warplanes of the Luftwaffe', edited by David Donald, World Air Power Journal, ISBN 1-874023-56-5

Other interesting facts taken in the text...

About take-off
...In fact, the piloting difficulties were immense. If the aircraft was not dead into the wind it would slew around and possibly overturn, the rudder being useless at slow speeds. Any bump in the surface caused premature take-off or a bounce on landing; this combined with the totally unsprung dolly to cause spinal damage to any pilot and, by shaking up the propellants, the occasional devastating explosion...

...the troublesome landing skid was hydraulically retracted on take-off, along with the neat steerable tailwheel. Retracting the skid automatically released the wheeled dolly, but this had a habit of bouncing up and smashing into the aircraft or even hooking on the front of the skid. If it failed to separate, a successful landing back on the dolly was not advised; it was only accomplished once. Even Hanna Reitsch tried it once, following total hang-up, and she was severely injured...

About landing
...Dittmar again was enraptured at the handling, but the aircraft was such a good glider it consistently refused to land, and invariably went off the far side of the field. On one occasion, Dittmar had to sideslip between two hangars and even then floated between all the airfield buildings when trying to land...

...A luftwaffe officer, Rudolf Opitz, came to share the flying, and it is as well that he did because Dittmar stalled onto the poorly sprung skid and spent two years in hospital having his spine reassembled...

...No combat aircraft has ever demanded so much of its operators, and in particular the landing demanded a dead-stick approach at 210 km/h (130 mph) exactly into the wind and on to an exact spot, with no opportunity for a second attempt, and always remembering to extend the skid and then return the lever to neutral to remove the hydraulic pressure and restore oleo springing...

About the fuel
...C-Stoff (hydrazine hydrate solution in methyl alcohol)...

...The tanks were pressurised, and once the feed reached the turbopumps the liquids were supplied under high pressure at the rate of 8 kg (17.64 lb) per second, combusting spontaneously on contact in the chamber...

...By learning in the most painful way, the Luftwaffe refined its Me 163B operating procedures and sloshed water everywhere during refuelling or ground running. Pilots and ground personnel wore special suits of non-organic asbestos and Mipolamfibre, although in a number of landings that ended inverted, the aircraft, even when not exploding, managed to inflict agonising corrosive injuries when the cockpit tanks spilt substantial amounts on to the pilot before he could be got out....

About the engine cut-outs
...Sea-level thrust was about 14.71 kN (3,307 lb), rising with reducing athmospheric pressure to 16.61 kN (3,748 lb) at high altitude. The type 509A could be throttled back to 0.98 kN (220 lb) idling rating, but it was inefficient atthis level and could often stop entirely...

...Before this there had been many attempts by Komet pilots to engage the enemy, but these had always been frustrated, on one occasion by the cut-out of the motor by negative g just as the pilot was about to blast two unsuspecting Republic P-47s...

...Tactics were to climb to altitude, then make unpowered diving attacks slashing down through the enemy bomber formations, relighting the rocket engine to climb and position for another attack or to evade enemy fighters. Two minutes had to elapse between shutting down and relighting the engine...

About its operational effectiveness
...the fairest overall assessment of the Me 163 is that 80 per cent of Komet losses occurred during take-off or landing, 15 per cent were due to loss of control in a compressibility dive or fire in the air, and the remaining five per cent were losses in combat. In 1945, with some 300 in front-line service, only I/JG 400 was able to engage the enemy; it claimed nine bombers but lost 14 aircraft in doing so.


This being said, I'm really looking forward to flying the Me 163. With a short engine burn time, a limited availability, the constraint to glide back to the runway and possibly a very touchy landing model requiring you to touch down very smoothly if you don't want to go BOOM...it will be a most interesting ride!

Thanks for the link Starbird, I'll check it tomorrow when I have a bit more time ;)
Current ID: Romanov

It's all fun and games until someone loses an eye... then it's just a game to find the eye

'I AM DID NOTHING WRONG' - Famous last forum words by legoman

Offline Replicant

  • Gold Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 3567
Interesting Me-163 Tech data
« Reply #4 on: August 05, 2002, 04:03:07 PM »

Little rocket motor eh? :)
NEXX

Offline eagl

  • Platinum Member
  • ******
  • Posts: 6769
Interesting Me-163 Tech data
« Reply #5 on: August 05, 2002, 08:21:11 PM »
Some of that tech data is a little off...

I know from PERSONAL EXPERIENCE in my TWO-SEAT ME-163 (well, I was sitting next to someone at the time) that the 163 can take off from a carrier!  HT wouldn't have done that in the game if it wasn't true, right?

;)
Everyone I know, goes away, in the end.