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General Forums => Aircraft and Vehicles => Topic started by: 1K3 on February 12, 2007, 07:34:09 PM

Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: 1K3 on February 12, 2007, 07:34:09 PM
I wonder if Spitfire was also in USSR's lists at the time when US and UK provided lend-lease fighters and bombers to the Red Army AF. What Spitfire Mk.s did they use in the Red Army AF?  What's the soviet pilot's opinion about the Spitfire vs their homemade LAs and Yaks and the P-39?
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Karnak on February 12, 2007, 07:41:27 PM
Yes, Several different marks of Spitfire were sent to the Russians.  Mk V, Mk IX and, I think, some Mk XVIs.

As with the P-51s they were given, the Russians were not that fond of them as they didn't handle the rough Russian conditions as well as some other lend lease aircraft and, in the case of the Mk Vs at least, were used and war weary examples.
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Kev367th on February 12, 2007, 09:40:50 PM
Dunno about the XVI, but they got the LF IXe (XVI by any other name really).
Also the V, IX.
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Krusty on February 13, 2007, 01:05:16 AM
Apparently they disliked them because they weren't rugged enough, and weren't "manuverable" enough (despite turning tighter than most Soviet-built aircraft, I bet)
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Guppy35 on February 13, 2007, 01:41:40 AM
The Russians had over 1000 Spitfire LFIXs to go with many Spitfire Vs.

One Spitfire IX recovered from Russia is waiting it's turn to be restored in England.

They didn't get XVIs.
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Angus on February 13, 2007, 02:45:13 AM
I remember Gunther Rall's first expression when he encountered Spits over the Crimean noodleula.
He said something like "Spitfires. I got afraid".
Turned out that his concern was also about running into the RAF, since they had got their tactics right and at the time, the Russians not.
BTW, quite some Spits ended on the bottom of the sea, en route to the USSR,- those I know of are Mk V's. They were being sent in 1942. The RAF had planned to send a squadron with them AFAIK, - 111.
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Tilt on February 13, 2007, 08:44:00 AM
General consensus from VVS was that the Spitfire and in particular its Merlin engine was not a robust piece of equipment able to withstand the rigors of front line abuse that native aircraft were put through.

Also VVS's standard 95 octane fuel required an additive to make it suitable for use in Spitfires and Hurricanes where as the P39 did not.

You can always tell when the VVS was being polite about a lend lease machine because they would always note how good the radio was..................

There is a record of comments made by Czech La5FN pilots who had earlier flown both SpitV's and SpitIX's for the RAF.....I'll dig it up  and copy it below.
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Bronk on February 13, 2007, 09:41:01 AM
Quote
Originally posted by Krusty
Apparently they disliked them because they weren't rugged enough, and weren't "manuverable" enough (despite turning tighter than most Soviet-built aircraft, I bet)



Yet they loved the slow, underpowered,  crappy gun,  unmaneuverable,  P-39.


:noid :noid :noid

Bronk
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Squire on February 13, 2007, 11:18:33 AM
Worth the money I would think, I dont have it yet but its on order:

http://www.ospreypublishing.com/title_detail.php/title=T0412~ser=ACE~per=2
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Oleg on February 13, 2007, 11:47:58 AM
Quote
Originally posted by Bronk
Yet they loved the slow, underpowered,  crappy gun,  unmaneuverable,  P-39.


And some of them said P-39 was not inferior to 109 and 190 in any aspects. But engine life time was too short :rolleyes:
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Bronk on February 13, 2007, 11:55:54 AM
Quote
Originally posted by Oleg
But engine life time was too short


Wonder if that resulted from a combination of translating maintenance data, fuel grade, and running ac over boosted.

Bronk
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Krusty on February 13, 2007, 01:10:59 PM
Basically they ran them over twice the limit, and they burnt out every other sortie. Something like that.

They didn't care, they were in a disposable-commodity mindset (troops AND equipment). If it breaks slap another in there, we have thousads of spare parts, that type of deal.
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: tedrbr on February 13, 2007, 01:45:57 PM
Have to also remember and take into account that the Soviets tended to downplay all aircraft and equipment they got from the United States and England during the war.

Be it Russian pride, propaganda, or whatever, the stuff that came from Lend-Lease was not discussed.

So, any info of Russian Spitfires from the Russian perspective will be a bit watered down, vague, compromised, or incomplete.
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Krusty on February 13, 2007, 01:49:46 PM
Most of it falls into that "vague" category, at least from what I've seen ted.
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Tilt on February 13, 2007, 02:40:04 PM
Following is extracts from a reverse perspective...............

Czech pilot Valousek had flown with 310 squadron flying Spit VB's, Vc's and possibly IX's prior to volunteering to join a VVS unit.

He is one of a VVS Czech regiment operating 21 La5FN's deep behind enemy lines in the Slovakian hills to support the "Slovakian partizan uprising" of Sept/Oct 44.

He compares the La5FN from a pilots perspective who had previously flown Spitfires against the same 109's and 190's he talks of here..........

(http://www.tilt.clara.net/data/valousek1.jpg)

(http://www.tilt.clara.net/data/valousek2.jpg)

(http://www.tilt.clara.net/data/valousek3.jpg)
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Debonair on February 13, 2007, 06:49:43 PM
kewl, thanks for posting that...:aok :aok :aok :aok :aok :aok :aok :aok :D :D
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Ghosth on February 14, 2007, 05:22:07 AM
Awesome read, thank you very much!
:aok
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: aztec on February 14, 2007, 09:05:27 AM
Thx for sharing that Tilt.
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: -aper- on February 17, 2007, 07:13:15 PM
Quote
Originally posted by Bronk
Yet they loved the slow, underpowered,  crappy gun,  unmaneuverable,  P-39.


There was interesting episode in the book written by Alexandr Pokryshkin about the test fights between P-39 vs LaGG-3 and Spitfire vs LaGG-3.
Pokryshkin and the pilot from the neighbour squard Sapozhnikov (his squad was re-equiped with Spitfires) were asked to fly to Tbilissi and participate in the test fights against new version of LaGG-3 (lighten version with M-105PF engine) which was put into production in Tbilissi aircraft factory.
Pokryshkin flew P39 and Sapozhnikov flew Spitfire. They should have to fight with test pilots from LaGG-3 aircraft factory. According to the rulez of competition LaGG-3 started fight sitting on the tail of it's opponent. Though it was quite unfair Pokryshkin had to accept this.
Hi put his P-39 into a sharp turn watchig LaGG-3 closing the distance, and then suddenly Pokryshkin made a barrel roll with alt decreasing,  forcing LaGG-3 to overshoot. Few seconds later Pokryshkin catched LaGG-3 in the gunsight. It was not difficult for him to sit on LaGG's tail for the next few minutes.
Later on he put P-39 into the vertical climb and made a reverse turn on top. LaGG's pilot tried to follow but he was not that skilled and had to finish climb below P-39. Pokryshkin, again easily put LaGG into the gunsight.

As for Spitfire vs LaGG-3, Sapozhnikov also managed to win turnfight in Spitfire vs LaGG but during vertical fights LaGG and Spit seemed to be pretty even.
Then the diving test was performed. Three planes: P39, Spitfire and LaGG-3 were put into deep dive simulteneously and while P-39 and LaGG dived wing to wing, Spitfire was far behind. The following zoom climb gave even more advantage to P-39 and LaGG over Spitfire.

Overall the chief engineer of Lagg's factory was quite dissapointed with the results. Pokryshin said him after the end of trials not be so upset because the new LaGG was not a bad plane, and the results depended mostly on pilot's experience and skills.
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: 1K3 on February 17, 2007, 07:45:53 PM
Which LaGG-3 version is that?  I read that many pilots did not like the early LaGG-3s because pilots joked that rather than being an acronym of the designers' names (Lavochkin, Gorbunov, and Goudkov) "LaGG" stood for Lakirovanny Garantirovanny Grob ("guaranteed varnished coffin"):D
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Bronk on February 17, 2007, 09:05:02 PM
Quote
Originally posted by -aper-
There was interesting episode in the book written by Alexandr Pokryshkin about the test fights between P-39 vs LaGG-3 and Spitfire vs LaGG-3.
Pokryshkin and the pilot from the neighbour squard Sapozhnikov (his squad was re-equiped with Spitfires) were asked to fly to Tbilissi and participate in the test fights against new version of LaGG-3 (lighten version with M-105PF engine) which was put into production in Tbilissi aircraft factory.
Pokryshkin flew P39 and Sapozhnikov flew Spitfire. They should have to fight with test pilots from LaGG-3 aircraft factory. According to the rulez of competition LaGG-3 started fight sitting on the tail of it's opponent. Though it was quite unfair Pokryshkin had to accept this.
Hi put his P-39 into a sharp turn watchig LaGG-3 closing the distance, and then suddenly Pokryshkin made a barrel roll with alt decreasing,  forcing LaGG-3 to overshoot. Few seconds later Pokryshkin catched LaGG-3 in the gunsight. It was not difficult for him to sit on LaGG's tail for the next few minutes.
Later on he put P-39 into the vertical climb and made a reverse turn on top. LaGG's pilot tried to follow but he was not that skilled and had to finish climb below P-39. Pokryshkin, again easily put LaGG into the gunsight.

As for Spitfire vs LaGG-3, Sapozhnikov also managed to win turnfight in Spitfire vs LaGG but during vertical fights LaGG and Spit seemed to be pretty even.
Then the diving test was performed. Three planes: P39, Spitfire and LaGG-3 were put into deep dive simulteneously and while P-39 and LaGG dived wing to wing, Spitfire was far behind. The following zoom climb gave even more advantage to P-39 and LaGG over Spitfire.

Overall the chief engineer of Lagg's factory was quite dissapointed with the results. Pokryshin said him after the end of trials not be so upset because the new LaGG was not a bad plane, and the results depended mostly on pilot's experience and skills.


Please forgive the lack of sarcasm in my post.  As it was directed at the post I quoted.   I'm sure the author of that post got the intent .:D

Bronk
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: -aper- on February 17, 2007, 11:40:03 PM
Quote
Originally posted by 1K3
Which LaGG-3 version is that?  I read that many pilots did not like the early LaGG-3s because pilots joked that rather than being an acronym of the designers' names (Lavochkin, Gorbunov, and Goudkov) "LaGG" stood for Lakirovanny Garantirovanny Grob ("guaranteed varnished coffin"):D


I guess it was LaGG-3 version 66
Due to lack of M-82 engines in the Caucasia area, Tbilissi Aircraft Factory N31 had to produce LaGG-3 in 1943 (1,065 built) and in 1944 (229 built).
Finally in 1944 the factory started to build La-5FN but after the very few were produced it got the order to switch to ... Yak-3 production.
LaGG-3 version 66 was quite improved compared to LaGGs of 1941-42 series. The weight was reduced to 2,990 kg, the plane got M-105PF engine and was equiped with automatic slats to improve handling at low speeds. The perfomance was rather close to Yak-9.
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Angus on February 20, 2007, 02:42:23 AM
Did the USSR never use the Spits at their optimal altitude?
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Tilt on February 20, 2007, 06:06:41 AM
Quote
Originally posted by Angus
Did the USSR never use the Spits at their optimal altitude?


Its an interesting point and the answer is probably not..............

VVS Bomber escorts were (in the main) escorting Pe2 or Il2m3 type aircraft at what we would consider low level.

VVS interceptors were concerning them selves latterly (in the main) with such as FW190 fighter bombers...... again operating in lower level jabo strikes against mobile Russian logistics and their depots.

Russian strat was so far behind the lines by late 43 > 44 that LW level bomber strikes were agin air fields, rail heads, depots and what was left of the ports of Leningrad and Sevastopol. Hence high level bomber interception was limited to the ports whilst airfield attacks etc still seemed to occur either from Jabo or mid level altitudes.

If I remember correctly Hitler even ordered the use of his best long range high level bombers  He177's** against ground targets on the eastern front and ended up squandering nearly the whole 177 fleet there in inappropriate medium/low level activities.

From this you will see that there was no real call for fighter, escort, interceptor duties in the VVS for stuff optimised at altitudes of 15 to 25 k and hence any full winged Spit was not in the environment for which it was originally intended.

**Yes I Know they were supposed to be dive bombers too....
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Angus on February 20, 2007, 08:35:03 AM
Thought as well.
Anyway, while the USSR put some effort into the Mig-3 as a high level fighter (turned out as not so special?), I was always baffled at all those tests and comparisons - they were using Spits where they did not belong.
At 25K the SpitV and the La5 don't have a turning or climb contest, and above not regarding speed either. In 1942 you have battle ready Spitties above 40K then the emphasis drops lower. Funny, while after all, the Hitech job getting power out high is more demanding then low, so since the LW held the cards up high, I would have thought that Spitties were rather a welcome to counter that one. Even in the BoB the LW was, after all, bombing urban areas from above 20K.
The fight was high, then it went lower.
Why did the air fighting over Russia stay so low? Was it so much close support, with the USSR holding the game where it was important? Or is it climate/cloud related? Or was it related with the USSR late war being on the offensive with mostly low-alt business? Why was high alt bombing not applied in any considerable measure in the USSR? Even the He-177 ending up low!!!
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Kev367th on February 20, 2007, 08:38:42 AM
Quote
Originally posted by Tilt
From this you will see that there was no real call for fighter, escort, interceptor duties in the VVS for stuff optimised at altitudes of 15 to 25 k and hence any full winged Spit was not in the environment for which it was originally intended.


The altitude for which a Spit was optimised was not based on the wing, but the motor fitted to it.

F V - Merlin 45/46
LF V - Merlin 55
F IX - Merlin 61
LF IX - Merlin 66

All 4 could be clipped or un-clipped, the LF versions performing better at low alts.

They did recieve some LF IX's towards the end, but I think the majority were clapped out F V's.
So your correct in that they would be using them outside of their best environment, but this was the motor, not the wing.
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Lusche on February 20, 2007, 09:09:53 AM
Quote
Originally posted by Angus

Why did the air fighting over Russia stay so low? Was it so much close support, with the USSR holding the game where it was important? Or is it climate/cloud related? Or was it related with the USSR late war being on the offensive with mostly low-alt business? Why was high alt bombing not applied in any considerable measure in the USSR? Even the He-177 ending up low!!!


With a few exceptions, the air war in the over Russia was a pure tactical one. Both air forces concentrated on supporting the ground warfare.
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Bruno on February 20, 2007, 09:47:35 AM
Spitfires over Kuban (http://lend-lease.airforce.ru/english/articles/spit/index.htm)
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Tilt on February 20, 2007, 10:55:27 AM
Thanks Bruno............... good read.

Thks Kev.

Any one wanna skin that MkV?  

If so I may even fly it occasionally:rolleyes:
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Kev367th on February 22, 2007, 08:45:00 AM
Quote
Originally posted by Tilt
Thanks Bruno............... good read.

Thks Kev.

Any one wanna skin that MkV?  

If so I may even fly it occasionally:rolleyes:


Funny you should ask that.

http://forums.hitechcreations.com/forums/showthread.php?threadid=199476

Just debating on whether it should have the lightning bolt or not.
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Bruno on February 22, 2007, 08:54:24 AM
Actually Tilt asked first then IK3 just copied the image link from the lend-lease site (bad form by the way - stealing bandwidth) and posted in the skins forum after.

The exact same image you posted in the other thread expressing skepticism over the lighting bolt is also in the article I linked above - but much larger and the lightening bolt is clearly visible.

I am not going to hot link it but you should be able to find it.
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: quintv on March 20, 2007, 08:45:43 AM
Sorry to dredge up a dead thread but that read of the Czech La-5 pilot was very interesting, and had to say so.
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Puck on March 20, 2007, 09:33:39 AM
Quote
Originally posted by Squire
Worth the money I would think, I dont have it yet but its on order:

http://www.ospreypublishing.com/title_detail.php/title=T0412~ser=ACE~per=2


Mine arrived yesterday.  Very interesting read, particularly since it's written from a British perspective.

They have P47s and even an A20 in Russian livery, though...so many skins, so little time.
Title: Did USSR use Spitfires too?
Post by: Squire on March 20, 2007, 09:55:36 AM
Ya its a good read.

Actually, the Osprey series authors are from various countries, only the chief editorial staff is from the UK. Thats why its such a good series, they find experts on different fields of history to actually research and write the books. For example, the one on Japanese Navy Aces is written by Henry Sakaida, who is a Japanese WW2 historian.

Osprey isnt the only series worth getting, by a long shot, but I find they are very good books and devoid of the quagmire of historical-nationalism in content, for the most part (although nobodys perfect).