Here's a quote from a website along with the diagram. The body has AMAZING abilities to align itself in realtion to gravity and to detect inertial change. However, the brain uses input from these organs PLUS the eyes PLUS muscular movements. The fact that you are not seeing or causing any motion, but are in fact moving is why people often get sick when reading in cars (or just plain riding in them). I guess my request might be a bit compicated as the inner ear organs are not really suited to high speed and high G flight (which is why fighter pilots can easily get disoriented), so maybe it's best to disregard. You see, the brain has problems dealing with conflicting data from the three sources due to the fact that it is designed to only handle speeds and Gs that a person can physically put him/herself through. However, given some stability time, inertial sensors will read truly. But an interesting topic nonetheless. (It sounds like that fighter pilot was having problems with stereo-vision, not inertial sense. It is difficult for the brain to track the distance of fast moving, oncomming objects, especially given the fact that the carrier is essentially a field of dots.)
The diagram below shows the structures of the inner ear. The inner ear balance organs consist of three semicircular canals (the horizontal, posterior, and superior canals) that are located at roughly right angles to one another. These balance canals give the brain information related to the angular motion of the head. They function somewhat like a gyroscope in an airplane. The otolith organs (utriculus and sacculus) are the other balance organs in the inner ear. They give the brain information related to linear movements of the head and to the orientation of the head relative to gravity.