In mid 1937 Robert Lusser looked for a plane that would seize for Germany the absolute speed record. The first attempts were made by a modified Bf-109V-13 # D-IPKY. on 11 Nov 1937 it flew an average of 610.95 kmh, beating the current land plane record holder the Hughes H1. Messerschmitt wanted more. The MC 72 held the record at 709 kmh. The project was internally know as the 1059. In mid 38 it was renamed the Me-209 (although it was officially known as the Bf-209). Used a DB601 with surface evaporation cooling. Although they experienced some development issues, on 26 April 1939 the (P1059/Me-209/Bf-209) flew 755 kmh.
The V4 variant of this airframe was tested for military application, however it proved unsuitable as a fighter. The plane was given a military paint scheme as a propaganda ploy. This planes record stood as the official speed record until 16 august 1969 when Daryl Greenamayer attained 771 Kmh in a F8F-2 Bearcat.
The "New" 209 was using many components of the Me-109 G. However, after realizing that performance would be similar to the other German airframe it was decided to discontinue the 209 and focus on 262 development (25 May 1943). The 309 was going to happen, however the bombing attacks on Augsburg on the 25-26 Feb 1944 ended the 309.
All from The History of German Aviation "Willy Messerschmitt Pioneer of Aviation Design" by Ebert/Kaiser/Peters