I had a herniated L5-S1 disc pressing on the right side sciatic nerve root. I flew on it for 6 years (3 in fighters, 3 in T-37s) until the pain crippled me. I had a micro-discectomy done (surgeon recommended a full fusion but I declined in favor of the discectomy) and I'd call it 60-70% successful. I'm no longer crippled but I still have daily back pain and am told that I'll probably have pain the rest of my life. But it's good enough that I was back flying the T-37 after 4 months and pulling up to 9 G's within a year. Not exactly a healthy thing to do, but the surgery halted a steady decline.
Maybe someday I'll go in and see if a fusion will relieve the remaining pain and instability, but for now I can live with it.
That said, back surgery is hit or miss. Do a lot of research and try to find a surgeon with a high success rate. Don't go for any experimental treatments. Just get a discectomy, laminectomy, or even a fusion if necessary, but don't go for anything weird.