I think in any "hostage" situation, most of the "official" procedures are built based on the theory that the situation can be resolved without undue violence.
In other words, the hostage taker will be open to negotiation and possible resolution of the situation without deadly force being necessary. The hostage taker wants something... media access, money, release from jail of "political prisoners", etc.
On the ground, with law enforcement on the scene, these procedures also allow for the application of deadly force if the "negotiation" phase fails. (The SWAT team sniper on the roof solution, if you will.)
In the air, the "negotiation" phase is about all you have. There is no SWAT sniper to provide a solution.
I'm sure these crews did the best they could with what they had.
The problem is that the Barbarians they were dealing with had no intentions of negotiating anything. Therefore, all the fancy "conflict resolution" techniques in the world would have done them no good.
Sometimes, there's no substitute for a Colt.
When I first started in the Commercial Aviation game, I flew with many Captains that kept a "Peacemaker" in their flight kit. When asked, their explanation was that "this is my ship and I am responsible for the safety of all passengers and crew aboard her. I am simply preparing myself for any eventuality that may occur with respect to that duty."
Of course, after the crash where the fired airline (non-crew) employee downed a plane in California by killing the pilots with a handgun, all carrying of weapons by flight crew was immediately prohibited. Go figure.
Flight Crews, the guys who hold your lives in their hands for the entire flight, were no longer considered trustworthy enough to enter the airport after being duly identified and authenticated. No, we had to go through security just like everyone else, in case we had something with us that might make the plane crash. LOL... we still slip right on through with our hands attached to our wrists. If we decide to kill yas, our hands alone are more than enough.
Wonder how they feel about armed crewmemebers now?