The pic below (from the Ammunition Photo Gallery on my website) shows the 37x145R for the US M4 next to the 37x195 for the NS-37. The difference in power is pretty obvious.
The NS-37 gun was also a long way ahead of the M4. Although heavier (170 kg vs 96) it was slimmer and faster-firing (250 rpm vs 140). The main advantage of the M4 is that the long-recoil action would have given it a softer recoil, much easier to cope with than the NS-37's more violent kick.
However, by the end of WW2 the Russians had the N-37 with the shorter, lower-velocity 37x155 cartridge. This still had a higher muzzle velocity than the M4 (690 m/s vs 610) weighed about the same (103 kg) yet fired at 400 rpm. This saw most combat use in the MiG-15 in the Korean War.
Tony Williams: Military gun and ammunition
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