You need to watch the belt sander video Eskimo made many years ago if you don't believe an accelerating belt will apply force to a wheel sitting on it. That force is applied to the plane through the axle and landing gear and is in opposition to the thrust produced by the plane's engine and prop.
The belt sander is applying its thrust to the conveyor, by way of its belt which is representative of the aircraft's tire, in order to move forward. On a conveyor belt or otherwise, I have never seen a belt sander attain powered flight. Not even when thrown in anger.
The aircraft is applying its thrust by interacting with the air to create forward motion, what the ground is doing below the tires is irrelevant. The aircraft, it's prop, and the wing only care about the air. No conveyor belt exists that can produce a high enough ground speed to impart parasitic drag on the tires of the aircraft sufficient to counteract the thrust created by even a low-powered aircraft.
This is an exercise in silliness.