Photoshop can be used with Premiere Pro and After Effects to first create a modification of an image, and then track portions of further images so that effects or appearances remain consistent. You could, for instance, use Photoshop to set up the cartoon effect and then export all frames of an animation for batch processing with the same effect. If you did a custom effect on an airplane or vehicle in a film, then you could pin frames of an effect animation to either one, and then track the position of that airplane or vehicle as the film proceeds so the effect remains consistent.
However, I have never seen anyone on the board here try anything like that, probably because it is way too much work.