Author Topic: Fw190 D-9 2.03 ata  (Read 6971 times)

Offline Crumpp

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« Reply #60 on: June 12, 2005, 07:19:35 AM »
You should.  Your on the member list.  

All the best,

Crumpp

Offline Crumpp

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« Reply #61 on: June 12, 2005, 09:30:57 AM »
LRRP2,

The NACA and North American say that laminar flow was important to Mustang Performance.

The performance achieved under controlled conditions could not be replicated under field conditions.

Quote
In application, the laminar flow airfoil was used during World War II in the design of the wings for the North American P-51 Mustang, as well as some other aircraft.  Operationally, the wing did not enhance performance as dramatically as tunnel tests suggested.  For the best performance, manufacturing tolerances had to be perfect and maintenance of wing surfaces needed to be thorough. The rush of mass production during the war and the tasks of meticulous maintenance in combat zones never met the standards of NACA laboratories. Still, the work on the laminar flow wing pointed the way to a new family of successful high-speed airfoils. These and other NACA wing sections became the patterns for aircraft around the world.


http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4406/chap2.html

So yes, the P 51 Mustang did not achieve the same performance in the squadrons as it did under controlled test flight conditions.

All the best,

Crumpp

Offline LRRP22

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« Reply #62 on: June 12, 2005, 03:46:57 PM »
Quote
Originally posted by Crumpp

Operationally, the wing did not enhance performance as dramatically as tunnel tests suggested.



Crumpp,

Absolutely.  Fortunately for Mustang squadrons, NAA and USAAF performance numbers were not derived from wind tunnel testing.  No P-51 Mustang produced by North American Aviation, prototype or production, experienced true laminar flow in actual flight- including those used for testing.  Lee Atwood himself attributed the Mustang’s speed performance to the radiator design and very low airframe drag, not laminar flow which he knew was unobtainable using contemporary production methods.  

Was the P-51 subject to performance degradation due to surface wear and tear?  Certainly- just like every  other aircraft.  The six coats of "very poor" paintwork on Mustang III FB377’s wings resulted in an estimated 12 mph speed loss compared to speeds achieved after a partial restoration of its paintwork.  Considering the 'as received' condition, 12 mph hardly seems excessive.

Do you have specifics on this supposed USAAF investigation?  It sounds suspiciously like the alleged 'RAF Hendon' test which has already been debunked on this board.  I have dozens of 8th AAF-specific works, none of which relate a single instance of VIII FC squadrons or pilots being disappointed with operational Mustang performance.  Quite the contrary, in fact.

And yes, the P-51B/C obviously had weapon stoppage problems early on.  Those problems had been largely dealt with (though not eliminated) by Summer, '44 .  The P-51D had no such problems.

Anyway, I don't want to hijack this thread any further...

Regards,
Brent

Offline Crumpp

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« Reply #63 on: June 12, 2005, 06:00:06 PM »
Quote
Considering the 'as received' condition, 12 mph hardly seems excessive.


In fact it seems very remarkable if it is your contention a 12 mph gain was average for the Mustang due to surface finish.  

We know cooling drag is part of the total drag component of a reciprocating engine powered aircraft.

The P51's low overall drag is in part due to  the design of the cooling system.

Take the Bf-109 for instance.  Cooling drag makes up a larger percentage of it's total drag picture when compared to the Mustang.

Therefore surface finish should have less of an effect as it can only overcome so much of the total drag.

Yet we see here that large gains where made in overall speed for surface conditions.



19 MPH to 25 MPH gained from a wax job is pretty good.

Now lets looks at the opposite end of the spectrum, the FW-190A.  A very large percentage of its total drag picture is made up in cooling drag.  Hence surface finish had very little to no effect on its overall performance.  



Neither of the German aircraft have laminar flow wing designs either.

So yes, I do find it remarkable that the Mustang only gains a few mph due to surface finish.  With the smallest percentage of cooling drag changes in form drag should have a greater effect on performance than an aircraft whose total drag picture is comprised of a much larger percentage of cooling drag.

All the best,

Crumpp

Offline LRRP22

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« Reply #64 on: June 12, 2005, 06:49:15 PM »
Quote
Originally posted by Crumpp
In fact it seems very remarkable if it is your contention a 12 mph gain was average for the Mustang due to surface finish.  


Hello Crumpp,

I make no contention as to average gain to be expected from improved surface finish.  The Royal Aircraft Establishment, however, found that Mustang III FB377 gained approx. 12 mph from stripping and repainting two feet of the wings' leading edges and 'rubbing down' the rest of the airframe.   The report (AVIA 6/10618) certainly doesn't support the contention that the Mustang suffered performance losses due to surface finish to a larger degree  than other aircraft.  The R.A.E. states that the improved surface finishes could  be "maintained in this final condition without any great difficulty under squadron conditions".




As for the 30-40 kph increase claimed for the Bf 109, it is quite possible that the claims made in the JG302 document were more anecdotal than empirical.  Most ac****s relating to polishing the surfaces of Mustangs, Spitfires and Thunderbolts refer to 'an extra few mph' and not the large increased claimed above.

I'm a little confused regarding your comments on cooling drag vs. parasitic drag.  Whether the 190 had larger amounts of cooling drag in no way means that improvements in form drag would have no effect- the 190 suffered from form drag every bit as much as the Bf 109 or P-51.  Increased cooling drag comes in addition to drag related to surface slickness, not in lieu of it.
« Last Edit: June 12, 2005, 08:12:46 PM by LRRP22 »

Offline Crumpp

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« Reply #65 on: June 12, 2005, 08:01:03 PM »
Quote
This report (AVIA 6/10618) certainly doesn't support the contention that the Mustang suffered performance losses due to surface finish to a larger degree than other aircraft. The R.A.E. states that the improved surface finishes could be "maintained in this final condition without any great difficulty under squadron conditions".


I don't see were this report says anything about differences in performance due to finish.

This report simply states the operational squadrons had some pretty rough finishes so they cleaned up the aircraft.  They removed the paint from 2 ft on the leading edge and repainted it.  The rest they smoothed the finish on.

They due note the seriousness of such a finish on the performance of the Mustang:



And additional modifications so it is hardly representative.

All the best,

Crumpp

Offline LRRP22

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« Reply #66 on: June 12, 2005, 08:23:49 PM »
It does in fact state 12 mph due to surface restoration:




I don't know why FB377 would be more or less representative than any other Mustang in similar condition.  That "seriousness" resulted from the fact that the Mustang's paintwork was in "very poor condition" vs. "fairly poor" and "poor" in the case of the Tempest and Spitfire.




Quote
Originally posted by Crumpp
I don't see were this report says anything about differences in performance due to finish.

This report simply states the operational squadrons had some pretty rough finishes so they cleaned up the aircraft.  They removed the paint from 2 ft on the leading edge and repainted it.  The rest they smoothed the finish on.

They due note the seriousness of such a finish on the performance of the Mustang:

And additional modifications so it is hardly representative.

All the best,

Crumpp
« Last Edit: June 12, 2005, 08:32:55 PM by LRRP22 »

Offline Crumpp

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« Reply #67 on: June 12, 2005, 09:07:29 PM »
Quote
I don't see were this report says anything about differences in performance due to finish.


Obviously I need to be more specific.

I was making a general statement.  I already know the report states this aircraft increased performance by 12 mph.

You stated that earlier, LRRP2.  No reason not to believe you.

This report does NOT make any specific conclusions about the Mustang performance increases due to finish as I stated.

To spell it out.  You cannot say the Mustang is only slightly improved by "fit and finish".  As the NACA and North American concluded, you cannot get planned performance out of the Mustang under field conditions.  It's performance is greatly effected by it's finish.

Quote
I'm a little confused regarding your comments on cooling drag vs. parasitic drag. Whether the 190 had larger amounts of cooling drag in no way means that improvements in form drag would have no effect- the 190 suffered from form drag every bit as much as the Bf 109 or P-51. Increased cooling drag comes in addition to drag related to surface slickness, not in lieu of it.


Cooling drag is part of the total drag and is included when the total drag is determined.  The little to no effect of surface condition is a reoccuring theme in FW-190 tests and is well documented.  



All the best,

Crumpp
« Last Edit: June 12, 2005, 09:40:49 PM by Crumpp »

Offline HoHun

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« Reply #68 on: June 12, 2005, 10:01:17 PM »
Hi Crumpp,

>http://www.onpoi.net/ah/pics/users/503_1118628914_coolingdrag.jpg

Quite interesting! What does w/g stand for?

Regards,

Henning (HoHun)

Offline gripen

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« Reply #69 on: June 12, 2005, 11:04:10 PM »
Hm... If a plane gained 30-40 km/h when the standard finish was puttied and polished, then the standard surface finish must had been very bad.

gripen

Offline LRRP22

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« Reply #70 on: June 12, 2005, 11:19:48 PM »
Quote
Originally posted by Crumpp
Obviously I need to be more specific.

I was making a general statement.  I already know the report states this aircraft increased performance by 12 mph.

You stated that earlier, LRRP2.  No reason not to believe you.

This report does NOT make any specific conclusions about the Mustang performance increases due to finish as I stated.

To spell it out.  You cannot say the Mustang is only slightly improved by "fit and finish".  As the NACA and North American concluded, you cannot get planned performance out of the Mustang under field conditions.  It's performance is greatly effected by it's finish.

All the best,

Crumpp


 

Well Crump, the R.A.E., Boscombe Down, and Wright Field disagree.  

What’s your definition of “Planned Performance”?  If you mean wind tunnel projections of performance, then you are most likely right.  1940’s production technologies could not produce a surface finish conducive to actual laminar flow.  If you mean the NAA/USAAF/RAF figures for clean aircraft performance, then you are almost certainly wrong since reaching the published performance figures didn’t require actual laminar flow.  After all, the test aircraft used to generate those numbers, like squadron examples, didn’t enjoy laminar flow to begin with.

Maybe I need to make myself clearer:  The commonly quoted figures for actual Mustang performance, not preliminary estimates based on wind tunnel tests, were quite attainable by squadron service P-51's.  In fact, the RAE’s 12 mph speed loss due to finish fits very well with Wright Field’s test of P-51B 43-24777 from May of ’44.  43-24777 did 364 mph/67” Hg at sea level in full combat configuration (9,680 lbs) with wing racks.  FB377 did 383 mph@SL in the same configuration (but probably 9200 lbs) at 81” Hg.  Subtracting the 25-27 mph attributed to the increase from 67” to 81” Hg leaves us with 356 to 358 mph@SL for FB377 at 67” Hg- even less than 12 mph estimated by the RAE.  The missing 4-6 mph is probably attributable to the fact that FB377 was likely 400-500 lbs lighter than 43-24777, or even just normal variation in airframes or test conditions.

Quote
To spell it out.  You cannot say the Mustang is only slightly improved by "fit and finish".  As the NACA and North American concluded, you cannot get planned performance out of the Mustang under field conditions.  It's performance is greatly effected by it's finish.


You are confusing (or combining) the issues of production quality vs. operational wear and tear.  Your conclusion doesn't follow from your premise.  The only way it does work is if the Mustang left the factory with a wing capable of true laminar flow.  It didn't.  Period.  No one, including NAA Vice President and Chief Engineer Lee Atwood, believed it did.  Did Mustang performance benefit from NAA's high standards for fit and finish?  That production quality didn't suddenly disappear in squadron service, however.  Like other fighters, paintwork (not overall production quality) degraded in the field, but no more so than other fighters.  In other words, paintwork would degrade, but not the underlying production quality of the airframe.

You seem to have a firmly held belief that the Mustang was some how less potent than other fighters under operational circumstances.  That's fine, its just that the evidence doesn't support your belief.  So far, all you have been able to show is that the Mustang’s wing didn’t achieve the same air flow efficiencies in production as did wooden models in the wind tunnel.  You have provided no evidence that production P-51’s were more affected by service wear and tear than its contemporaries.  I have provided clear cut evidence that even a heavily degraded surface finish only accounted for a 12 mph speed loss.  Like I said, performance numbers were based on actual production finishes, not wind tunnel projections.  

The fact is that the Mustang's aerodynamic advantages were based in the cooling design's very effective use of the Meredith Effect, a very slick shape and excellent overall production quality.  To what it was not due was actual Laminar Air Flow.

Cheers,
Brent Erickson
« Last Edit: June 13, 2005, 12:05:06 AM by LRRP22 »

Offline LRRP22

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« Reply #71 on: June 12, 2005, 11:49:47 PM »
Quote
Originally posted by gripen
Hm... If a plane gained 30-40 km/h when the standard finish was puttied and polished, then the standard surface finish must had been very bad.

gripen


Too true...


.

Offline Crumpp

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« Reply #72 on: June 13, 2005, 04:44:50 AM »
Quote
I have provided clear cut evidence that even a heavily degraded surface finish only accounted for a 12 mph speed loss.



No you have provided one report which sheds no light on this issue.  The speed gain is "estimated" not measured and estimated how?  The exhaust change can have huge effects both on form drag and engine performance.  Adding considerable form drag while increasing power and exhaust thrust.  How much these forces changed is unknown in your report.

You can hardly draw conclusions about this aircraft's drag profile for the entire Mustang series.

Your conclusion of small gains does not make sense scientifically given the low total drag of the Mustang.

Again both the NACA and North American say the same thing.  The Mustang performance was heavily dependant on fit and finish.

Quote
For the best performance, manufacturing tolerances had to be perfect and maintenance of wing surfaces needed to be thorough.


http://www.onpoi.net/ah/pics/users/...coolingdrag.jpg

All the best,

Crumpp
« Last Edit: June 13, 2005, 07:41:37 AM by Crumpp »

Offline niklas

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« Reply #73 on: June 13, 2005, 05:48:36 AM »
About drag: Maybe you know already this doc:

http://www.mitglied.lycos.de/luftwaffe1/aircraft/usaaf/P51B_drag.pdf

In Figure 14/15 you can see the influence of dust on the wing. In this particular case drag is increased at low AoA by at least 5%.

This alone raises the question whether flight tests of single machines make sense. I mean when you have bad whether with a lot of dust, you´ll perform easy 30-40km/h worse than on a good day. Fly through a swarm of flies during takeoff, or get some dirt by your wheels, and you lose immediatly 20km/h and so on.

In any case cleaning and polishing the machine, especially after a flight, makes sense.

btw. the laminar flow effect (minimum drag bulge in the polor curve at low AoA) can also be observed in wind tunnel tests on standard airfoils at this time, though not as pronounced compared to a laminar airfoil. I remember to have some german wind tunnel tests in my hand, mentioning it. That little bulge could be seen in the polar curve.

niklas
« Last Edit: June 13, 2005, 11:01:14 AM by niklas »

Offline LRRP22

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« Reply #74 on: June 13, 2005, 10:20:55 AM »
Crumpp,

The change in exhaust stacks accounted for a 1 1/2 mph gain.  How do I know?  Because the airplane was tested after the removal of wing racks and paintwork restoration, and then again after the change of exhaust stacks.  the first condition yielded 403.5 mph at sea level and the second 405 mph at sea level.  Remember, the RAE were not amateurs at this kind of testing- it is what they did.

Quote
In application, the laminar flow airfoil was used during World War II in the design of the wings for the North American P-51 Mustang, as well as some other aircraft.  Operationally, the wing did not enhance performance as dramatically as  tunnel tests suggested. For the best performance, manufacturing tolerances had to be perfect and maintenance of wing surfaces needed to be thorough. The rush of mass production during the war and the tasks of meticulous maintenance in combat zones never met the standards of NACA laboratories.


This seems to be the basis for your belief that the Mustang was severely compromised in squadron service.  As I have pointed out repeatedly, the P-51 didn't require 'tunnel tests' level of finish to achieve the NAA and USAAF speed numbers- the tested aircraft didn't have wind tunnel model tolerances either.  Like all other aircraft, the Mustang suffered from operational wear and tear but not, as indicated by AVIA 6/10618, significantly more than other types

Now 'scientifically', I don't think you have any empirical basis for saying that paintwork of a certain condition must account for more than 12 mph in lost speed.  Frankly, it sounds more like wishful thinking than science.  I do have empriacal data supporting the 12 mph speed loss.  If a 12 mph loss isn't enough, how much, 'scientifically', do you believe is appropriate?


Quote
Originally posted by Crumpp
No you have provided one report which sheds no light on this issue.  The speed gain is "estimated" not measured and estimated how?  The exhaust change can have huge effects both on form drag and engine performance.  Adding considerable form drag while increasing power and exhaust thrust.  How much these forces changed is unknown in your report.

You can hardly draw conclusions about this aircraft's drag profile for the entire Mustang series.

Your conclusion of small gains does not make sense scientifically given the low total drag of the Mustang.

Again both the NACA and North American say the same thing.  The Mustang performance was heavily dependant on fit and finish.

 

http://www.onpoi.net/ah/pics/users/...coolingdrag.jpg

All the best,

Crumpp
« Last Edit: June 13, 2005, 10:43:44 AM by LRRP22 »