One more try on an explanation.
PHP is "perl hypertext page"
A webpage that is a "php" page is not stored on the server in the form it is displayed to the client. Basically the page is a file that gets processed by the server (by a perl type interpreter but thats not important) and the output of the processing is send to the client to look at it. In the file there can either be "plain" html, meaning that the written text is transferd without change to the client, or "code" which is executed by the server and the output of the code will be transmitted to the client.
This way the page can provide dynamic content, like information from a database or other stuff that is created on the web server. But an dynamic page means it relys on other stuff, like a database, other files, aditional info on the html request etc. and looks diffrent each time its displayed.
To read a php page you need a php enabled webserver, which can also run locally (meaning you could start one on your own comp without the need of internet) and all the libraries, files, databases,functions that are used in the php page.
Pretty similar to php is jsp, java server pages. There is also a microsoft version of server side html pages but i forgot the name.