I've just finished a paperback book - "Tomlin's Crew" by J.W. Smallwood (a good read if you can find it) Smallwood was a bombadier/waist gunner on a B-17 crew that got shot down in '44. He states that the 50 cals onboard the B-17 were useless at more than 1000 yds while the 20 mm cannons on the 109's and 190's were considered lethal at less than 1600 yds.
It's interesting to note that the preferred merge used by the Luftwaffe on the B-17 and Liborator strike forces was a head on shot followed by a climb, loopover and dive, followed by another attack at the underbelly. This was usually done in pairs who seperated after the HO.
Certainly interesting.
I recall the ballistics discussions way back when the usual debates on gunnery ranges was once more heating the boards. My impression, according to the data people presented, was that basically any type of fired bullet (.50s.. 20mils.. 30mils.. etc etc) will retain potency to kill for a great range, much further than 1000 yards. Therefore, the real issue to be discussed is not the "possibility" of the long range shot, which clearly is possible, but rather the "probability" of it all, as circumstances would solely dictate whether a fired bullet will hit the mark or not.
Not having the book, my take on Mr. Smallwood's comment is that it might be one of those examples of situation dictating the outcome - situational probability ruling over technical possibility. If Mr. Smallwood's comment is based on his own experiences as a waist gunner, then it would be reasonable to assume that it wasn't because the .50s weren't potent over 1000 yards, but rather due to the fact that defensive guns on bombers were generally very poor in accuracy. People just couldn't hit anything unless it was very close in range.
However, an interceptor on an attack run might start "spraying" from long ranges, and it would be probable that the cannons fired from the interceptors would start striking its mark before the defensive gunners could land any kind of hits to the attacking fighters. After all, bombers flying slow and steady would be a relatively easier target to hit. Naturally, a bomber gunner might start to get the impression that their own defensive guns are inadequate, but the cannons on the interceptors were much more proficient at longer ranges.