If you're talking about ribbon cables and master and slave drives, you're talking about a standard IDE drive.  The kind you probably already have.  
Serial ATA is a totally different cable, so unless it's already built into your motherboard you're going to have to buy a card.  It's the way to go in new PCs, but not worth it as an upgrade.  
Don't bother with SCSI.  
I'd just go find a 7200 rpm IDE drive from a reputable brand (western digital, maxtor, seagate) that fits your budget/size requirements, set the jumper to slave or cable select, and slap it in there.  Try to find one with a cache size of 8MB (they may make larger ones now too).  You don't need to install any software; Windows will take care of everything as long as the jumpers are set right.