Here's a penal code from Ca that is fairly common in all states, often called "COC" for contempt of cop. Or an attitude arrest.
Note the language "willfully resists, delays, or obstructs". An officer can decide, at night, your cameras flash is presenting an officer safety issue. S/he can arrest you after warning you, thats the 'willfully; part. The DA can throw it out, but you still got hooked & booked.
148 is the catch all, an officer tells you to sit and you refuse, welcome to jail. Most of the time DA's dont bother to file charges on these, and officers know this, but dont care since they got to humiliate & lock you up.
148. (a) (1) Every person who willfully resists, delays, or
obstructs any public officer, peace officer, or an emergency medical
technician, as defined in Division 2.5 (commencing with Section 1797)
of the Health and Safety Code, in the discharge or attempt to
discharge any duty of his or her office or employment, when no other
punishment is prescribed, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding
one thousand dollars ($1,000), or by imprisonment in a county jail
not to exceed one year, or by both that fine and imprisonment.