It's called compression.
When an aircraft is in a high speed dive, the airflow over the wings of the aircraft can actually exceed the speed of sound. This transonic airflow creates a shockwave and a barrier that disrupts the flow of air over the control surfaces. This causes a dramatic loss in control efficiency and is known as compression.
To counter compression, speed must be reduced. Increasing drag and decreasing thrust will slow the plane. Once the aircraft slows, control will be regained.
In other words, you're diving to fast.
If you're losing control at slow speed, well.. you're just going to slow.