The M249 SAW can be fired so many times in a row (full auto) that the barrel will become white hot. One SEAL team member even said he could see individual bullets moving down the barrel as he fired it. It still worked.
Barrels would expand as heated, the rounds would be less accurate. One "strafer nose" B-25 pilot said he fired the guns so much they overheated and the rounds started scattering like a shotgun effect, but it was a good thing because they were strafing ground targets and it increased chaos on the ground.
But the barrels wouldn't crack/break from anything I've heard. Melting point is several thousand degrees for gun barrels.
A lot of misinformation here, not to sound rude, but that really needs correction.
You can basically fire every MG to the point where the barrel glows red (white hot MG barrel = total BS, because then steel would be liquid and boiling, color being a funtion of temperature). What happens is that any heat treatment previously applied to the barrel is now gone, steel structure destroyed and reformed to something different you dont want at all. Depending on the steel and exterior circumstances (temperature, humidity, rain etc) you have either a very, very soft barrel afterwards or a brittle one. The soft barrel would be shot smooth (grooves and lands all gone to shotgun-city), if it wasnt already, within very short time (scattergun). The brittle barrel is subject to a solid KABOOM, chance increasing with every shot you fire.
On a sidenote, even yellow to white-hot steel is NOT translucent.
Back to the post, whereas the barrel might not be as much affected by heat, the mechanisms usually are. Parts start to jam against each other, or get a fit too lose etc. Its not THAT rare to jam any machinegun when you go fullauto for an extended period.
I would agree that every automatic weapon in this game could use an invisible cooldown timer. When you exceed it, you got a jam. When you fire shorter than that and quit firing, the gun slowly reverts back to a normal state, until you fire again.
Matt