Healthcare costs were low until the government got involved.
It's a little more complicated than that. Healthcare costs have skyrocketed for several reasons:
1. Better care. The typical patient in ICU today would, 50 years ago, be in the morgue. Some morphine and a hearty handshake were pretty cheap. But CT, MRI, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, organ transplants ... that crap's expensive.
2. Third party payers. Back then, it was fee for service and the fee came out of your pocket. But every insurance scheme, whether public or private, insulates the patient from the true cost of health care so there's no incentive for patients to make good economic decisions. Also not all the insurance premium goes to health care -- the shareholders, sales people, and bureaucratic staff get their cut first.
3. Out of control legal environment. Back in the day, a drunk went to the police station. Now he comes through the ED because of fears he might aspirate on his own vomit and die in police custody leading to an expensive lawsuit. Or god forbid a patient might develop a complication, in which case they scurry to the local ambulance chaser like they buy lottery tickets, but with a much better chance of hitting the jackpot. Modern doctors spend an incredible amount of time documenting and ruling out unlikely diagnoses not because it improves care, but because they prefer to not loose their house.
4. Futile care. Keeping your demented 90-year old granny with 8 comorbidities alive another 2 months sucking life through plastic tubes costs big money. 50 years ago, or today in any other country, this patient would have died 15 years earlier.
5. Patients are not encouraged to take responsibility for their own health. We smoke, drink too much, eat too much, don't exercise enough, ride motorcycles without helments and engage in all sorts of other foolish behavior ... but when the heart says "See ya", the liver shrinks up or the head splats on the concrete we expect somebody to fix it.