Yes, the Yak-9T carried HE, the Il-2 AP. The NS-37 was easily the best of the airborne anti-tank guns in this calibre to see service, as the gun was slim, light, fast-firing and belt-fed, as well as firing the most powerful ammo. The German 30mm and 37mm guns did, however, have the advantage of using tungsten-cored projectiles.
The pic below from my web article on
tankbusters shows the relative sizes of the main AP rounds.
.50 BMG, 20mm Hispano, VYa-23, 30mm MK 101/103, NS-37, BK 3,7, Vickers S