"The Flak 18 37mm was not very effective as a ground AT gun but mounted on a plane, it was very successful, often achieving one hit kills against heavily armored Soviet tanks."
From Rudel's memoirs I read that the effectiveness was not as much due to gun's power as much as it was for its accuracy to place a hit within 30cm (1ft) area and they had to carefully study the weak points of latest Russian armour and try to hit those places. Of course from the air you have more options to attack from direction that has the best access to the weak points.
-C+