Author Topic: Tail Damage - Opening can of worms...  (Read 5284 times)

Offline Chalenge

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Re: Tail Damage - Opening can of worms...
« Reply #30 on: May 13, 2010, 01:35:06 AM »
Auto-trim (eww)!

If it works as you say maybe its new but I didnt read that in the notes. Of course I wasnt trying to fight anyone after I had mine part company with the plane.

Rudders are usually mounted too close to the fuselage centerline to work like your thinking. Also notice that fletchings on arrows are attached in a spiral pattern (at least sort of) in order to get the stabilizing spin. Wings are not magical reversers.  :D  Notice that the elevator direction matches aileron direction to get similar rolls? Nothing magical.
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Offline mtnman

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Re: Tail Damage - Opening can of worms...
« Reply #31 on: May 13, 2010, 11:09:54 AM »
Rudders are usually mounted too close to the fuselage centerline to work like your thinking. Also notice that fletchings on arrows are attached in a spiral pattern (at least sort of) in order to get the stabilizing spin. Wings are not magical reversers.  :D  Notice that the elevator direction matches aileron direction to get similar rolls? Nothing magical.

Elevators are mounted just as close to the fuselage center-line, and cause the effect I'm talking about (and that you've been arguing for...) when one is missing.  You argued that the elevator should cause rotation away from its deflection, but are now saying the rudder should cause rotation toward the deflection?  Weird, or you're just not thinking it through yet.

In addition, the F4U rudder is just plain huge, and the vertical stabilizer is small.  In a plane like this the effect should be pretty obvious, unless some other force is taking over (like the wing...).

So, I guess I can go find some pictures to clarify.  But while I do that, lemme ask this.  In a case where the right elevator is missing, and down deflection is given to the left elevator, rotation direction would be "lifting" on the left (or clockwise rotation, viewed from the rear), right?  Now, ignoring the wing, we add some left rudder.  Should this stop rotation, or increase/aid it?  Maybe even reverse it?  Viewed from the rear, apply up elevator (to the left side), and right rudder.  Which way does should it rotate?  Or shouldn't it?

It really doesn't take much deflection at all to get and arrow to rotate, and as a matter of fact, an arrow with straight fletch's (no helical) still rotates, especially if feathers are used.
MtnMan

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Offline Chalenge

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Re: Tail Damage - Opening can of worms...
« Reply #32 on: May 13, 2010, 02:21:33 PM »
No your missing the point. The rudder is typically above AND below the centerline. Usually a little more above but also shaped to be a broader surface near the bottom. Not in every case obviously but it is in nearly every case for fighters. Elevators are nothing like that.
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Offline Stoney

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Re: Tail Damage - Opening can of worms...
« Reply #33 on: May 13, 2010, 02:29:39 PM »
No your missing the point. The rudder is typically above AND below the centerline. Usually a little more above but also shaped to be a broader surface near the bottom. Not in every case obviously but it is in nearly every case for fighters. Elevators are nothing like that.

Depends on the aircraft.  In AH2, most aircraft have the rudder mounted above the horizontal stab.  The F4U series is a good example, as the entire rudder control surface is above the fuselage.  That's why I keep saying that this is a very complicated issue.  For those that claim the rolling moment is not what it should be, I'd like to see you diagram out all the forces that are involved here and post them up for us to see.
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Offline Chalenge

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Re: Tail Damage - Opening can of worms...
« Reply #34 on: May 13, 2010, 02:35:41 PM »
Well I see how mtnman is looking at it though. He sees the elevator to left and right of the center.

I think the difference in stability can be portrayed as four legs of a chair in the case of wing and stab. In the case of the rudder its a three legged chair. Maybe that makes it a little more apparent what is happening.

Actually I would think of it as a three legged chair with a midget tugging at one of the legs.  :D
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Offline mtnman

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Re: Tail Damage - Opening can of worms...
« Reply #35 on: May 13, 2010, 04:40:22 PM »
No your missing the point. The rudder is typically above AND below the centerline. Usually a little more above but also shaped to be a broader surface near the bottom. Not in every case obviously but it is in nearly every case for fighters. Elevators are nothing like that.

No, I see your point, but I'd say it typically isn't below the center-line.  Some planes have it a bit below, but not most.  Aerobatic planes in particular have extremely broadened lower portions of the rudder, coupled with generally "short" or "stubby" vertical rudder surfaces in order to minimize the rotational force.  Aerobatic planes are designed to give as "pure" of an input as possible in all three axis.  Rudder throw, for example, is desired to give yaw force, but not pitch or roll force.  Most planes show at least some undesirable traits as a result of control surface deflection.

And even with the broader surface equal to or very slightly below the center-line, there's still going to be at least some "opposite" rotational force exerted, for two reasons.

One, the further from center, the greater the leverage applied.  So the top of the rudder is applying more rotational force than the bottom of it.  And two, even with the broader surface equal to or slightly below the center-line, there's little or no opposite rotational force applied, for the same reasons.  In order to cancel out a clockwise rotation, the bottom would need to apply an equal counter-clockwise force.

Back to the F14...  How much of the rudder is below the center-line?  None.  And there are two of them...  So why (apart from the wings) wouldn't left rudder result in a right roll?  If one of the stabilators were removed, would the other one still be able to impart a rotational force to the plane?  Why would removing it, and re-attaching it 90ish degrees around the circumference of the tail cancel that effect out?  Or better yet, reverse the effect?  If down left elevator pushes the tail up and rotates right, left rudder should be expected to have the same effect.

It's really the same argument as the initial post...  Without the opposite elevator to cancel the rotational force, losing an elevator could be expected to result in at least some rotational force, rather than a "pure" up/down force.



Which brings me back to the original post again...  Even though I think that having only one elevator should result in some unwanted rotational force (which, in the case of the F4U, it does), I don't think it'd be all that extreme. 
MtnMan

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Offline Chalenge

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Re: Tail Damage - Opening can of worms...
« Reply #36 on: May 14, 2010, 02:17:07 AM »
Mtnman... for the moment consider an aircraft in a slip. I know you had to have slipped an airplane or two. In a right hand slip (right wing low) the nose is left of the velocity vector and you are holding left rudder. What happens in this case is lift is generated by the vertical stabilizer and it has a corrective measure upon the yaw. So if you dont hold the left rudder then the plane will yaw to the right and restore the moment (so to speak) which will cause the airplane nose to point into the relative wind and return the sideslip angle to zero. Notice the plane does not roll to the right except the roll you add with aileron in order to hold the slip.

Im not sure but I dont think the rudder on the F-14 is very effective either (at yawing with coupled roll).

Anyway take the example of the slip I used and apply it to an aircraft with one stabilizer missing and you will see there is a pretty big difference.

EDIT: The F-14 actually has a counterpart in WWII that you can consider to be very similar in trait. The P-38 has the vertical stabilizers placed directly behind the propellers for increased stability. In a similar manner the F-14 has the twin stabilizers mounted where they can make use of wingtip vortices and flow entrainment caused by the exhaust of the two engines. Both of these airplanes are making use of the sidewash gradient that should become obvious in the slipping example I gave.
« Last Edit: May 14, 2010, 04:13:15 AM by Chalenge »
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Offline mtnman

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Re: Tail Damage - Opening can of worms...
« Reply #37 on: May 14, 2010, 09:25:08 PM »
Mtnman... for the moment consider an aircraft in a slip. I know you had to have slipped an airplane or two. In a right hand slip (right wing low) the nose is left of the velocity vector and you are holding left rudder. What happens in this case is lift is generated by the vertical stabilizer and it has a corrective measure upon the yaw. So if you dont hold the left rudder then the plane will yaw to the right and restore the moment (so to speak) which will cause the airplane nose to point into the relative wind and return the sideslip angle to zero. Notice the plane does not roll to the right except the roll you add with aileron in order to hold the slip.

Im not sure but I dont think the rudder on the F-14 is very effective either (at yawing with coupled roll).

Anyway take the example of the slip I used and apply it to an aircraft with one stabilizer missing and you will see there is a pretty big difference.

EDIT: The F-14 actually has a counterpart in WWII that you can consider to be very similar in trait. The P-38 has the vertical stabilizers placed directly behind the propellers for increased stability. In a similar manner the F-14 has the twin stabilizers mounted where they can make use of wingtip vortices and flow entrainment caused by the exhaust of the two engines. Both of these airplanes are making use of the sidewash gradient that should become obvious in the slipping example I gave.

Sorry about the long time between replies, I'm working this weekend, and with the drive it's a 15hr day...  Yes, I've flown slips.  RC as well as "full-size" planes, and of course in the game.

The slip argument is a great example, but actually illustrates my point better than yours....

Again, you're not going to see the left rudder/right roll effect with a "normal" plane, because it has wings, and those are overcoming that effect.  get rid of the wings (back to the plastic straw, where it's really pretty obvious), and you would.  Just because the effect is canceled by the wings though, doesn't mean it isn't there. It's the same rolling effect seen with one elevator without a countering surface (opposite elevator) to overcome it...

The slip proves the point actually.  In a right-wing low slip, with the nose pointed to the left, the very reason the nose is left is due to the right-push of the left rudder.  While the nose is to the left, it's only because the left rudder forces the tail right, out into the slipstream, and with the plane pivoting around it's yaw axis, the nose goes left...

"Lift" isn't generated by the vertical stab/rudder.  That's not what forces it out into the slipstream, and that's not what brings it back in line.  "Lift" would "draw" it left or right, which doesn't happen.  It's "pushed" out there by the deflected rudder, and "pushed" back in line when the rudder is released.  A much better analogy is a weather-vane.  Lift is also the force that pulls opposite of gravity, but what matters here is that the tail isn't "drawn" anywhere, it's pushed/forced.

That very "push" is what leads to a left-rudder/right roll force.  In order for there to be no roll force, the rudder would need to exert equal force above and below the aerodynamic center-line.  If it exerts more force either above or below that center-line, a roll force will be present.  It's exactly the same argument as the one this thread began with...  The reason you don't see the roll effect from the elevators is because they "normally" overcome each other.  The reason you don't see it from the rudder is because the wings overcome it...

Back to the straw again (you really should try it, it illustrates the point quite nicely).  If you only put one "stabilizer" on it, bent to simulate control surface deflection, and give it a toss, you'll see two things (and it doesn't matter if you toss it with the stabilizer horizontal and call it an elevator, or toss it with the stabilizer vertical and call it a rudder, the effect is the same).  For one, the deflected surface will push the "tail" away from the deflected surface.  Always.  Second, it will exert a roll force, and it will also be away from the deflected surface.  Always.

The final result is a spinning straw that rolls away from the deflected surface (exactly like the opening post argues) as well as "rotates" (for lack of a better word, I'm tired).  Imagine the tip of the straw as the tip of a funnel, with the "tail" of the straw following a path around the top of the funnel.  The speed of the roll, and the relation it has with the "rotation" is variable, and depends on the size of the surface, it's height/distance that it protrudes from "center", the speed of the "toss", the balance point/CoG of the straw, and the time "in flight".  I imagine if it had a long enough "flight", it'd try to rotate around the CoG, almost like two funnels taped together, large open ends away from each other.  With the smaller funner being the front of the "plane" and the larger being the rear.

That rotation around the CoG is exactly what's happening in a slip, where the nose is force left with left rudder, all because the tail is being forced right (with left rudder).
MtnMan

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Offline Chalenge

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Re: Tail Damage - Opening can of worms...
« Reply #38 on: May 15, 2010, 01:42:05 AM »
You have been talking about moving the tail right and I have been talking about moving the nose.  :neener:
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Offline mtnman

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Re: Tail Damage - Opening can of worms...
« Reply #39 on: May 15, 2010, 06:07:36 AM »
You have been talking about moving the tail right and I have been talking about moving the nose.  :neener:

Agreed...  So, what moves the nose...  And what direction of force is the tail applying to do that?   :D
MtnMan

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Offline Tilt

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Re: Tail Damage - Opening can of worms...
« Reply #40 on: May 21, 2010, 04:56:06 PM »
 What puzzles me is that (in AH) if I lose both the elevator and horizontal stab from one side there seems to be hardly any detrimental effect. (as long as I have a stab and elevator on the other side) or is this because I have combat trim on at the time?
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Offline Stoney

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Re: Tail Damage - Opening can of worms...
« Reply #41 on: May 21, 2010, 09:16:14 PM »
What puzzles me is that (in AH) if I lose both the elevator and horizontal stab from one side there seems to be hardly any detrimental effect. (as long as I have a stab and elevator on the other side) or is this because I have combat trim on at the time?

In which aircraft, and in what flight condition? 

Again, I'd ask anyone that thinks it should be modeled differently to sketch out the control surfaces and plot all of the vectors that are acting on the aircraft in a specific flight condition, and then explain, using that graphic and available stability equations, why it should be different than it "feels" in-game.
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Offline Chalenge

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Re: Tail Damage - Opening can of worms...
« Reply #42 on: May 21, 2010, 11:51:34 PM »
I have to wait until I lose another stab... might take a few months though.  :D
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Offline Tilt

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Re: Tail Damage - Opening can of worms...
« Reply #43 on: May 22, 2010, 11:19:24 AM »
In which aircraft, and in what flight condition? 



La7, P51 and IL-16 to date in combat low down. I could not see any hit on speed/manouverability at all. This could of course be because I am a Piiiiiiiilat of little skill.
Maybe combat trim was compensating
I am not going to get into any contest of minds on the matter.
It just seems strange that the designers of these air craft thought there was a need for stabs and elevators on both sides of the tail when it seems in AH we only need such an assembly on one side. It would be interesting to know what the detrimental effect of losing both stab and elevator from one side is.
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Offline Stoney

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Re: Tail Damage - Opening can of worms...
« Reply #44 on: May 22, 2010, 12:10:26 PM »
La7, P51 and IL-16 to date in combat low down. I could not see any hit on speed/manouverability at all. This could of course be because I am a Piiiiiiiilat of little skill.
Maybe combat trim was compensating
I am not going to get into any contest of minds on the matter.
It just seems strange that the designers of these air craft thought there was a need for stabs and elevators on both sides of the tail when it seems in AH we only need such an assembly on one side. It would be interesting to know what the detrimental effect of losing both stab and elevator from one side is.

Well, next time you lose the entire side of a stab/elevator, roll her over on one side and try to pull max G.
"Can we be incorrect at times, absolutely, but I do believe 15 years of experience does deserve a little more credence and respect than you have given from your very first post."

HiTech