I once had similar difficulties with a customer's machine. Neither of the two CD it had drives managed with the installation. A fresh one from the package did the trick. After the installation both of the original drives seemed to work normally, though. As has already been said, it could also be any other component failing: Memory (some MOBO's can't use double sided RAM sticks in every slot, check the manual for how many stick sides it supports), motherboard, IDE/SATA cables (the latter seem to have quality issues), PSU... But I'd first try with another drive and cables.
Yes, you can freely change an optical drive without having any OS. The hardware doesn't even matter, whether it's a CD or DVD drive.