I believe the plan was to develop a carrier borne Stuka.
"Goering had been ordered by Hitler to develop aircraft for the ship. His response was to offer redesigned versions of the then-obsolete JU-87 Stuka dive bomber and older versions of the Messerschmitt 109 fighter."
http://www.damninteresting.com/the-only-nazi-aircraft-carrier
Both the Bf 109T and the Ju 87C were built and used operationally (albeit not from carriers, or with their naval gear).
The Ju 87C's that were built went, off of the top of my head, somewhere in the east, and the dozen or so Bf 109T's were put in a unit called Jagdstaffel Helgoland which operated on... guess... the island of Heligoland (Helgoland in German) in the German Bight.
Jasta Helgoland was eventually rolled into JG11, as 11. Staffel if I remember correctly.
As noted earlier, Bf 109T's from Jasta Helgoland were the first aircraft to shoot down a B17.. imagine that, shooting down a B17 in what was effectively a Bf 109E-7 (MG FFM's and all) with longer wings...
Bf 109T-1 of Jasta Helgoland
