There are two effects that can play here:
One is simple harmonics: if one pendulum has a swing period P and the other has 9/10P (for example), then after 9 swings of the first the other will complete 10 swings and they will be "in phase" again for a brief moment. Setting up the swing periods smartly, there will be several pendulums that can be in sync at any given moment. It is a game of common dividers (that's the english term?) of period fractions.
The other possible mechanism which will be much easier top set up is frequency coupling. If each pendulum can "shake" or swing a little the bar from which they hang, they can bring the other pendulums into sync. This will not be stable since there are many frequencies interacting at ounce and conflicting with the fundamental frequency of each pendulum. They will move in and out of sync naturally. It is similar to the effect above, only that the frequencies do not have to so precise. The bridge in guitars and other string instruments actually make use of such an effect (by passing vibrations between strings).