I don't know about the fastest but planes that dives extremely well and retain their energy would be:
Ta-152
P47s
P51s
Tempest (strangely, you actually have to trim DOWN if you want to keep it in a dive)
La-7
190D
F4Us
F6F
Brewster
Most of these planes are rather heavy, meaning they act like a pendulum and swing straight up. Some just have very powerful engines that let them climb straight up.
The Ta152 will keep it's energy for a very very long duration after a dive. It bleeds speed very slowly meaning you can sometimes out sprint planes that would be faster than you in a level chase.