Not really, radically is like 110 to 410.
Most, if not all, are more 109-E to 109-K
Um... weight, wings, stronger frame, canopy. Not to mention torque, climb, speed, acceleration, climb, and stability. The 109E-4 to 109F-4 may not have been the best example.

However, I see your point. The best case in point may be the I-16 AH has in the line up. There are 3 different versions represented under one model, which from the very brief research I did shows that they had the same engine output (though 2 different engines), and the addition of hard points for drop tanks and rockets. Otherwise, the frame (and engine ability) remained the same between the 3 versions (Types 24,28,29).
There are very few aircraft from WWII that didnt see drastic changes to the point of not being to keep the same frame and engine performance and only the guns. Even the I-16 we have is considered a "late" version and was not used beyond 1942 thanks to far better aircraft coming off the Soviet production lines.