Does japan have the capacity to build a full size carrier?
Sure. But why spend the Yen when you have the dumb Yanks to protect them?
But they are plenty scared of submarines, most of all Chinese ones, and thats what this ship looks geared for. It has neither a cat or a ski ramp and Japan has no plans to buy F35Bs.
The Chinese probably have 50 or 60 type 022s. They eventually want to build about 100. Its YJ-83 anti-ship missiles have a range of about 100 miles. Its a green water boat only. It only has a range of about 500 nm, has almost no defensive armament, no Helicopters, and only displaces 225 tons. It appears to be configured as not much more then a suicide boat that can only be used in waters no US Carrier would ever be in in the first place. A USN CVG basically controls all air and water space, from ocean bottom to atmosphere top, in a 600 nm circle around it. They operate effectively thousands of miles from shore ; Their strike aircraft can be refueled to and from a target.
In contrast our LCS is far more capable, larger, faster, and can be fitted with mission specific modules.