You bring up a question I've never been able to adequately answer, which is: what is the difference between a fair profit and gouging? I feel like I know it when I see it but that's about it. Extortion seems clearer but the guy selling water for 10 dollars a gallon after a hurricane probably thinks he is earning an honest living while I would tend to think he is a s. bag. Sorry for off topic.
i'll use a local example of gouging.
remember hurricane irene? well, originally, she was supposed to hit cape may head on. they evacuated. i had to drive down there the night before to remove some of our (CAP) assets from cape may county airport. gas down there was about a buck a gallon more than it was up here, only 50 miles away. that's gouging.
in the insurance industry, i'd say that it would be more of a simple raising of rates, if nothing else has changed except that it's now required by law. i'd also say that when you purchased a policy that's supposed to cover XXX, then suddenly when you try to use it for that coverage, and they go out of their way to find a way to not pay out, or pay less than agreed....that i believe is a form of gouging too.
BTW.....when i drove down to cape may that night....i felt like i'd driven through a time tunnel back into 1979, with the long lines to get gas.