Yes, they can. However, keep in mind that only the German Pb-1 rockets are truly armor defeating.
When using the US rockets, regardless of aircraft, you need to hit the top armor to have a chance of destroying the tank. Angle of impact is important as well. The more of a perpendicular impact you have the better your chance. Armor does work, ya know.
The British rockets from the Mossi and Tiffy are "general purpose", and do have a hardened casing (and more TNT). They are the best air to ground rockets in the game, and they have a better chance of defeating tank armor than the US rockets. Likewise, the German Pb1 rockets have the best chance to defeat armor but that do the least amount of HE damage to objects other than vehicles.
Nothing is more satisfying that using the Fw190F-8 to bust up a T34/85.
Remember, the Fw190F-8 rockets fire in two's from the same wing (2 left, 2 right, 2 left, and so on). Only need to fire 2 per pass otherwise your wasting ammo.