Props rotated inboard on the P-38.
(Image removed from quote.)
I found your diagram at this Wikipedia page:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-rotating_propellersWhich also said "In designing the Lockheed P-38 Lightning, the decision was made to reverse the counter-rotation such that the "tops" of the propeller arcs move outwards, away from each other."
I know that Wikipedia is not authoritative, but I found it interesting what the article said, compared to the diagram.
The diagram was included in the article simply to show what "counter-rotating" means. It doesn't mean that the P-38 follows this rule in regards to the direction. And we have multiple authoritative texts that tell us the rotation on the P-38 was the opposite of what this particular diagram shows.
Now to make things even more interesting. I have two links from Joe Baugher's site that talk about the development history of the P-38.
XP-38
http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_fighters/p38_1.htmlYP-38
http://www.joebaugher.com/usaf_fighters/p38_2.htmlOn the XP-38, the props rotated inwards. On the YP-38, they switched so the props rotated outwards. The engineers found that reversing the direction made the plane more stable.