inches of Mercury (height of a mercury column in a 1 inch square barometer tube)
1 atmosphere = 29.92 inches
This was the standard measure of compression used by US a/c.
RAF a/c use a different system:
+16lbs Boost = +16 pounds per square inch pressure over 1 atmosphere .
1 atm = 14.7 pounds per square inch
therefore +16lbs = 20.7 pounds per square inch man. pressure.
1lb/sq. inch = 2.04 inches of mercury
so +16lbs = 42.2 inches