Author Topic: Communism in Post-Communist Russia  (Read 1479 times)

Offline Dowding

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Communism in Post-Communist Russia
« on: August 31, 2000, 10:23:00 AM »
I couldn't think of anywhere better to post this, so it might as well be here. I'm particularly interested in the opinions of any Russians that might read this or indeed anyone who is more knowledgeable on the subject than I.

I've just finished reading Edvard Radzinsky's biography of Stalin. Having no real knowledge of the revolution(s) of 1917 and the how the Soviet Union was created, this was a great book to read. There were some real revelations to be had, one of them being that there is evidence to suggest that 'Uncle Joe' was planning a nuclear offensive against west, and only his death in 1953 prevented this.

Another is the warning given towards the end of the book about the resurgence of communism.

In a survey in 1998 one in six Russians said they saw Stalin as there greatest ever leader. He was SEVEN times more popular than Yeltsin. Gobachev didn't get enough votes to register. Can you imagine the controversy which would be created if one in six Germans said Hitler was there greatest leader of all time?

This all seems perverse when you look at what he did while he was in power; the intelligetsia repeatedly purged; whole ethnic and social groups destroyed. The figure for the number purged is estimated (conservatively) at 66 MILLION. This does not include the 28 million dead in WW2 (civilian and military). Based on demographic projections of population growth based on the population of Russia before 1917, Russia should have a popualtion TWICE the size it is today.  

The upshot of all this is that I'd like to know what modern Russians think of Stalin themselves or the impression they get from people they know.

Cheers.
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Offline Kodiak

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« Reply #1 on: August 31, 2000, 08:29:00 PM »
If what you I understand is true it makes Stalin the biggest mass murderer of all time.  Paranoia, power, hostile neighbors, and a totalitarian state make for a very very bad combination.

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Offline Dowding

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« Reply #2 on: September 02, 2000, 04:04:00 PM »
You make a good point kodiak. What was interesting was the way he used the thought of hostile forces outside Russia, to repress within Russia.

The thing that amazes me is that all his henchmen did not lift a finger to overthrow him - they were too scared of the consequences if they failed. There was a sort of poetic justice to his purges of the the upper echelons of his government. The ones that were carrying out the purging were themselves purged later. It didn't end there. Those that had completed this latest mass murder, were themselves purged after a spell in power!! Why no-one thought that they wouldn't get in the end as they were consigning (usually innocent) people to a early death is beyond me! Probably something to do with ego, I guess. As Radzinsky says, they all 'found out there is a god in the end'. And one with a gross sense of humour...

All the time this was happening, Stalin portrayed himself as some kind of moderate and humanitarian. Following the arrest of some prominant citizen (which he had ordered), he would claim that they couldn't possibly be guilty and halt the investigation. They would think they were in the clear; meanwhile Stalin would wait until he invented some new threat to Russia and would have them rearrested. They would have a starring role in his new play (read trial). They would confess under torture, proclaim their guilt in one of Stalin's extravagant trials and portray Stalin as the trusting, but betrayed, all round good guy. The genius of the man is astounding.

It is fortunate for us all that he kicked the bucket when he did.  

[This message has been edited by Dowding (edited 09-02-2000).]
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Offline Fariz

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« Reply #3 on: September 03, 2000, 12:45:00 AM »
There is show on NTV russian channel with Radzinski. He is great as populizator of the history since, but he is not very strong as historian himself, so many questionable things in his books. Still, his books are perfect readings.

If you want another good reading about Stalin (and Hitler as well), try Alan Bullock's "Hitler and Stalin", very good one.

Concerning return of the communism. I do not think it will happen. Communists in Russia at the moment are nothing more than nationalists and populists -- they are not even close to the Marksism theory and just use the popular idea for making their way to the power. Communism is still popular in post-soviet, though it has small chances to win. But never say never again, it can be back any moment. Sovies Union political and economical system were terrible, but it was still 0% unemployment in the country, and it was not poor people at all -- almost all lived in the equal level of income, which were enough to eat, buy something (when it was in stores) and to go away on vacation with family once per year. Education and health care were free. It was a terrible price for that, but people did not want to know anything. Actually, most of the people around the world want "bread and fun", so that is why the ideology still popular in post USSR.

I do not advocate the system, it spoiled first 20 years of my life with all the ideological noncence, but I have to admit that there were good thing in it too.

Fariz



Offline StSanta

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« Reply #4 on: September 03, 2000, 04:26:00 AM »
Heh.

In Sweden there's a party called Vänsterpartiet - roughly translated "the Left party". Until just a few years ago (coincidatlly about the same time the Soviety Union broke up), they were known as Left Party - The Communists.

They got 15.8% on latest poll. Combine that with the Swedish social democrats (you Americans haven't seen pinkos til you've seen a social democrat) and it's a bit of a scary development.

Vote libertarian  

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Offline Dowding

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« Reply #5 on: September 04, 2000, 11:38:00 AM »
It's good to hear from someone who has lived in both the old and new Russias, Fariz. Reading this book has really opened my mind to news from Russia - I'll pay more attention in future. The Soviet Union's system did have its advantages, but free health care and education is available in Britain without the need for a communist system. The debate here is to whether they are any good  .

I went to Russia (Moscow and Leningrad) when I was 11 years old in 1990. Even then I found the loud speakers on the streets strange. Lenin's tomb was awe inspiring. I just wish I'd been a little older to appreciate it. I still remember how friendly the people were, and wish I had kept in contact with the friends I made there.

Radzinski makes the point that Stalin's Russia abandoned Marxist dogma in favour of policy more in keeping with the deposed Tsars. Stalin himself models himself on Ivan the Terrible. In the final part of the book, he remarks that Stalin could be more of a National-Socialist than Hitler. Interesting ideas.

I'm pretty left-wing myself, and come from an area of Britain that has always had a strong socialist identity (mining and steel industries in britian were centred around Sheffield). Until Margaret Thatcher destroyed this area in the 80s, but thats another story...

I wasn't aware of the political situation in Denmark, StSanta, but that sounds pretty interesting. How left-wing are the Social Democrats in Denmark? I find it hard to really see any left-wing policy in any American party, but maybe I haven't looked hard enough   .

[This message has been edited by Dowding (edited 09-04-2000).]
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« Reply #6 on: September 04, 2000, 11:48:00 AM »
Something to point out here:

Being the most popular leader in your country usually has little to do with how well you did or accomplished and more onhow you presented yourself for later generations.

Stalin was hardly a nice guy- but he was an iron leader who had himself hero worshiped. And more importantly he had schools teach that hero worship to generations after. His reputation was much greater than himself because of this.

About Hitler- do that straw poll on germans older than 50. You would be pretty damned surprised at how many people think Hitler was the best chancellor germany ever had.


Offline StSanta

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« Reply #7 on: September 04, 2000, 05:33:00 PM »
Dowding:

The social democrats is the working class/man/woman's party, with close ties to the major unions. It's leftish enough to enforce a 75% tax rate, it is parential enough to make decisions about your own safety for you (nooo, you might nmot dive that wreck, there *might* be unexploded warheads there. Even though you're the one risking death, we're not gonna allow that. Now go u to your room, bad boy" and they're large enough to dominate the political scene.

<WARNING: RANT FOLLOWS. SOME WILL BE WILDY INACCURATE. OTHER PARTS WILL BE OFFENSIVE TO LEFT WINGERS>

Socialism in Europe is purely sick. Out of 14 of the leaders from the more wealthy countries, 12 are socialists. No wonder we're lagging behind the US in terms of technology and keeping unemployment rate down.

Socialism has its good sides, and I firmly believe in a welfare state. The question, however, how it will be implemented.

Like now, i.e let the responsible pay for the less responsible at all times, and make going on welfare only slightly less profitable than working (depending on number of kids, age and stuff like that). Where hard work is not really rewarded 1:1 and long academic careers  only make you lag behind in terms of money? (For instance, in DK, the average doc is 50 years old before he's made as much money as a carpenter. After taxes that is. After 50, he earns more.

taxes should be there to provide the same opportunity for everyone in terms of success - level the playing ground. Therefore, education should be free adn even subsidized. Society gets that investment back in the form of better trained workers, which means better competitive edge, which means more money to the state through taxation of higher salaries. That's how I justify being more of a libertarian while still reaping benifits from free education. Our health care system only gets about 8% of the total taxes, so we could throw that in for good measures. A *vast* amount goes into our social security system. It's so overbureaucratized, easy to abuse and even unfair to both receivers and payers it's laughable. It should help you survive and live an ok life, but it shouldn't be there to provide you with cable tv and gas for your car. If I as a student can get by on $5600 (some of which are taxed) in a country that is substantially more expensive to live in than in the US, so can others. If people are stupid enough to get kids they cannot support, it's their own damned fault. Sure, they might lose a job and be in an unpredicted situation, but that's where survival help comes in. No one ever said being unemployed for more than a year should be comfortable. Oh, the social democrats did.

My father is a doc, yet I grew up in a family with few money, living in cramped conditions inheriting all my clothes from my older brothers. Why? Because my father paid an awful lot of taxes to pay for the mistakes of others. Of course, his liking of new cars was a factor too  , but had we lived in a country with less taxes, he'd been able to upgrade every 6 months with no real consequences for the rest of the family.

But, it (welfare) should *not* be there as an attempt to give everyone the *equal* opportunities - that is a utopia! We're all different in motivation, drive and capabilities.

Removing the incentive to *use* those capabilites won't do the country as a whole any good. Why the hell bother to study if I don't have to? Why let the state decide how you spend 75% of how you earn?

Why the hell are we keeping up the image of countries like Denmark being "worker's countries" - most aren't workers anymore. They are a small % of the population; workers have as technology and society has advanced been converted into service people, because, quite basically, we need fewer workers to produce more goods now.

The only reason those damned social democrats have so much power is because the average Dane is a squealing idiot who is afraid of change and is so damned conservative and security obsessed he or she doesn't dare to take his or her life into his or her own hands.

The normal retort I get when discussing these with some of my leftish friends (yeah, I have quite odd friends) is either a rant about why socialism is the great equalizers (normally from the 20-25 year old pseudo-intellectuals) or "if ya want something, it costs". Heh, a hamburger costs money, but I'd be pretty squealing upset if I had to pay $40 for it.

Single young guys like me (in the future) are the ones who lose out. People with lots of kids and about average incomes win more, because of benefits for having those ugly screaming pointless results of ill conceived moments of bad thought (I don't need protection, honey)  .

Bah. You do whatever you want with your cash, but don't force me to pay for your mstakes. I don't expect you to pay for mine. If I did, I'd make a whole lot more of 'um.

Another reply is the "you're an egoist" one. Well, I'll be damned oh al-squealing-right, that is true. I am an egoist for wanting everyone, including myself, to face the consequences, good or bad, of ones actions.

America sounds better and better for single people with an education. Wonder if there's a place there with low taxes, low crime rate and with a software house where I can work. Preferrably, also permitting the carrying of concealed weapons.

Man, now I am pissed. Moron social democrats. Kill 'em all. Stop the disease.

</RANT MODE>

Man, that felt good. I should vent more often. It's fun, too.

Now I just have to hope I can get through this education, so I don't have to face the consequences of walking the walk from the flip side of the coin  

C'mon Americans. Join the effort! Stop the social democrats! BOYCOTT DENMA...eh, uh...

Never mind  

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Offline Dowding

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« Reply #8 on: September 04, 2000, 08:29:00 PM »
Wish I'd never asked Santa.

Only joking   .

You make some good points, and I agree there has to be a balance when approaching the Welfare state. I'm sorry you feel so strongly against the family, but I believe the formation of families has to be supported - its the only way a secure future for a country can be guaranteed. I think refusing to help the family or even penalizing it is a bad idea. A country full of single people (with no incentive to form a family) will be a toejamty place to live, IMO.

As for the welfare state being a haven for scroungers and scum who can't be arsed to work I can only comment on the British system. Its true that in any system there will be abuse, but I think this is always hyped in comparison to the number of people who are actively seeking work and need the money to exist.

I come from an area that was ravaged by the right wing policies of Margaret Thatcher (Read: Satans Right Hand Woman or squeak). The community where I grew up was surrounded by some of the largest coal mines in Europe. Then in 1984, Mrs. Thatcher attacked the unions, shut down mines (which were profitable) and plunged the whole area into economic and social depression. Men who had worked all their lives in dangerous conditions were suddenly unemployed. Untrained in any other work, many were tossed on the scrapheap with no prospects. While Thatcher preached the virtues of self-support (applauded in the South and especially London) the North of England suffered; there was no prospect of self-support in my area, where one industry had been predominant. A mining village near where I lived became a no-go area after 6p.m. at night because of youths throwing bottles at buses etc. These are the generation created by the right wing policies of the Thatcher government. As long as London was happy, why give a shreck about anyone else?

Look where all the right-wing politicians have got us in this world. Hitler, Mussolini, Franco... and Stalin was as much a Nationalist as Hitler.

Proud to be left-wing.

[This message has been edited by Dowding (edited 09-04-2000).]
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Offline StSanta

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« Reply #9 on: September 04, 2000, 11:50:00 PM »
Well, as far as families go:

I don't think they should be penalized. As you say, families are the backbone of any society.

On the other hand, adults who breed knowing they cannot support their offspring deserve nothing but my contempt. They're putting a child to the world and giving it very bad odds, all for their selfish reasons.

I do not believe it is the role of the state to ensure that its citizens can afford having kids, BMW's or swimming pools by way of distributing the earnings of others.

The socialist system does not encourage productivity, as we've seen in the numerous tates who've had a go at it. It does not create an incentive or drive, nor does it add responsibility to the individual.

What it does is *remove* some responsibility, along with a fair amount of freedom. Individuals can take actions that will result in them being dependent on others - and many do. "Can we afford as third kid? Well, we'll get $xx a month from the state, with that and me at work, we can". Can I as a senior afford to live in this expensive place? Well, the state pays 60% of my rent, so sure.

The ones that earn the least on a social system are the high income people, the single ones with jobs, and also the unemployed single. I know of families where both parents are on welfare, yet they receive more than twice the amount my mother (who is a social worker) earns. This ain't right. A friend of mine between studies (3 months with no money) was told to borrow money in the bank to get by. So, there's a great unfairness to the system, but various advocates claim that this is the best possible solution. If it is, it sucks.

Infrastructure, military, schools, universities and hospitals cost money, and plenty of it. They're all essential for an advanced society. Welfare is, I believe, also needed - a society *must* be able to support its citizens to such a degree they get a chance to get back up.

The question is: how far should society go? And at what price? My economics professor claims that unions actually reduce the competitiveness of a company, which in turn leads to less jobs, and higher unemployment. His argument was much more detailed than this but I can not recall much of it (I do not like economics much, lol)

In 1998, Denmark spent the following tax money:

Defense: 8.9 billion (I guess, only says 8.9  )
Health care: 9.2
Education: 13.6
Police: 1.7
Roads and communication: 3.8
Welfare: 42.7
And some other relatively minor costs.

Sort of an eye opener, no? The social democrats like to say that "defense, medical care, roads and education COST!", They sure do, all together 37.2 billion Danish crowns. Which is less that the welfare system.

I'm not trying to rip the bread away from under an unemployed, nor am I suggesting not paying for his or her getting a new education/training. What I *am* suggesting is that there is a big discrepancy between what the working person pays in taxes and what he gets back.

Also, big states tend to go all bossy and parential on its citizens, referring to them as "subjects", almost. In a relatively small country, it can be controlled somewhat. In a larger one...well, look at the US, and the government there is relatively weak compared to ours.

I wouldn't want to be in the US as a poor uneducated person. Had I lived in the US, I'd been one; I blew my first pass at the university due to general lethargy, apathy and lack of motivation. Here, I got a second chance and I am doing what I can to take it.

On the other hand, the US have had for quite some time a much lower unempolyment rate than  most if not all European countries. Their economy has steadily been improving and is in a much better state than European ones. Working class citizens can afford air conditioning, two cars, a few kids (even saving up for their college) and generally have about 30% more purchasing power than the average Dane. Of course, there are also great social injustices in the US.

I'd like to see a compromise; taking the best from both systems. While the concept of the American Dream has more holes in it than that B-17 I hit, at least there's an incentive for the individual - and he is forced to take responsibility. OTOH, due to pricey education and whatnot, he isn't getting the same chance as someone richer.

So, offer possibilities. Give the starving man a fishing rod instead of a fish.

As far as Thatcher goes, I agree fully with you. What a Witch Queen From Hell, serving it up to those who didn't need while backstabbing the hard working low to middle income man/woman.

it's just that 75% taxes + various fees don't sound good to me - especially because as far as the government is concerned, teeth aren't really part of the body, so you must pay for that yourself, or get an expensive insurance. Unfortunately, when I knocked my front teeth out 1.5 months ago, I didn't have one. So that's 20k crowns I've had to borrow from the bank.

It's these small injustices that irritate me. True, I am looking on it from the ground up, and am probably losing an overview over it. But the numbers I've seen also suggest that a lot of tax payers money is wasted into pointless social projects.

Worst of all; only one party believes it is possible to lower income tax; the conservatives. And I ain't voting for them. Yet.

I understand fully where you come from and to a very large degree, I agree with you. But ya gotta admit that there are serious flaws in both the British and Danish welfare system, flaws that should be corrected. Encouragment and help to self help sure beats pity and dependency in my book.

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Offline Boroda

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« Reply #10 on: September 06, 2000, 12:42:00 PM »
Dowding, did any money or clothes or just ANYTHING we collected for English coal-miners in mid-80s reach your hometown?

Answer is simple: British communists just stole it.

Well, I can believe in communism, but communism as a political force is a gang of party officials who usually dont give a damn about the "people" or "working class".

From this point of view (compared to modern "communists") - Stalin was a great man.

BTW, Putin is just a little KGB freak who tries to be a new Stalin, but can't.

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Offline Ripsnort

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« Reply #11 on: September 06, 2000, 12:48:00 PM »
Santa, after reading your posts, above, you would be declared a Republican in the U.S.A.

<S> and welcome to the party!  

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Offline Dowding

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« Reply #12 on: September 06, 2000, 04:54:00 PM »
Thanks for the reply boroda.

My family didn't get any clothes from Russia, but I remember hearing about people who did. I think we were lucky in that my father found work pretty quickly after the miner's strike, but alot of others didn't. My uncle visited Russia in '85 as part of the interaction between mining unions and the Communists in Russia.

I don't know anything about the communist party in the UK, but perhaps the government had a hand in the 'redistribution' of clothes from the USSR. After all, they did declare the strikes illegal (arresting my uncle and sending riot police against the picket line at the mine nearby).

I share your sentiments about communism, that it cannot work in practise; in trying create a classless society it succeeds in simply bringing the same system into the party - the upper echelons of the organisation lived markedly different from the ordinary man in the street.

Your comments about Stlain are intriguing; on what basis do you consider Stalin a great man without considering the suffering he caused while he was alive? Did you yourself live in his era? I'd be very interested in your reply.  
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Offline leonid

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« Reply #13 on: September 07, 2000, 04:33:00 AM »
Outsiders tend to see Stalin as nothing more than a murderer.  While he was a terrible taker of life, the phenomenon of Stalin is much deeper than that.  What Stalin gave Russia was a sense of place in the world.  Through his ruthless acts he propelled Russia into the 20th century, then when Germany struck he led the country in its struggle for survival.  Much can be quibbled about concerning 'who' among the Soviets actually led the way to victory, but the fact remains that Stalin was CinC.  

Russia has always had a tough time getting respect from the West, whether that was western Europe, or the USA in more recent times.  The fact that it was subjugated under Mongolian rule for 200 years has much to do with that, since that time under the 'Tatar Yoke' was a period of stagnation for Russia (or the Muscovy Principalities, to be more precise).  This resulted in a late start into the Renaissance for Russia.  Also, the peculiarity of Russia's location created an identity crisis of sorts, because of the mixture of East and West.  All of these things Russia has had to cope with throughout its long history.  What Stalin did was to put his country on the map as a country of significance, a country of power  - much like Hitler did for Germany after WWI.  However, the difference from Germany is that not since Peter the Great had Russia known such a period of power.  Thus, what Stalin did for Russia in that respect was a long time coming, so to speak.  For the Russians, this point is most important.

That Stalin was sadistically cruel, and was responsible for the deaths of many millions is very true.  But this can also be said of a number of tsars, more or less.  In fact, what Stalin did was take Soviet communism and put the Tsar back in charge of it all.  Absolute rule has been a staple of Russia's history for as long as it has existed as a state, and even before that.  Thus, for Russians changing one form of totalinarianism with another was not as big a problem as it was for many non-Russians who lived in more democratic societies.

What I've typed here is an attempt to explain the phenomenon of Stalin, and why he holds such a high place among many former Soviets still.  It was not meant as a justification for cruelty, oppression, or murder.  Stalin was many things to many people, but for many citizens of the former Soviet Union there is a unique love/hate relationship for 'Uncle Joe'.  When Stalin came to power in the USSR it was a weak agrarian state, but when he died in 1953 the Soviet Union was a superpower.  Such exalted status came at a terrible cost in lives, but for the Russians tragedy, and overcoming loss, has long been an historical national characteristic.
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Offline Boroda

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« Reply #14 on: September 07, 2000, 07:29:00 AM »
Leonid, very well said! Thanks!

My personal attitude to Stalin is very uncertain (if I can say this  ) My family suffered a lot in his time, grand-grandfather executed, grandfather (a Tsar's cavalry officer who joined Red Army in 1917) spent a few years building BAM in the 30-s... But only such a personality as Stalin could lead the country to the Victory. There were many examples when it was only his tremendous will that held the things together.

If you'll read some books that are printed here you'll see that there realy is a lot of roadkill about Stalin in media and public opinion. With my attitude (never to believe any officials or any other propaganda) I see a contradiction between the myth about "60 million murdered" (hehe, almost half of the population of the USSR) and official documented information that appeared from classified archives opened only in 90-s. They say that population of GULAG was over one million only in 1940. Should i believe an official point of view (in fact just a copy of Western stereotypes adopted during "perestroyka") or the other one, that is employed by modern communists and bastards that wear swasticas and shout "zig heil!"?

I think that even if Stalin was a monster - he is a part of my country's history, just like Alexander Nevskiy or Peter the Great.

Another thought: Look at Finland. Before the October Revolution it was one of the most backward provinces of a Russian Empire (To Finns: sorry to say this). It must give you an idea of what could become of Russia without bolsheviks.

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