Author Topic: 100/150 grade use in the USAAF  (Read 8212 times)

Offline Neil Stirling1

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100/150 grade use in the USAAF
« Reply #30 on: February 19, 2006, 04:22:36 AM »
150 grade fuel consumption.

From documents POWE 33/990 33/991 33/992 33/985.

Figures in 1000's barrels.

7.3 barrels = 1 ton.

Theatre.

UK.

June 1944----- 184
July 1944-----283
August 1944-----218
September 1944-----169
October 1944-----183
November 1944-----140
December 1944-----193
January 1945------123
February 1945-----131
March 1945-----149
April 1945   -----119
May 1945-----17

North West Europe.

January 1945-----15
February 1945----17
March 1945-----52
April 1945-----89
May 1945-----32  

Neil.
« Last Edit: February 19, 2006, 04:29:52 AM by Neil Stirling1 »

Offline Sable

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100/150 grade use in the USAAF
« Reply #31 on: February 19, 2006, 11:20:19 PM »
Thanks for posting that Neil.  Those numbers seem to agree strongly with the information from this document:



1000/7.3 = 137 tons per 1000 barrels.  140,000 barrels for Nov 44 gives us about 19,200 tons consumed.

This just makes it that much more clear that the 8th AF was indeed using 150 octane for all their fighters from June/July onward, that ADGB was employing it with some of their squadrons, and that the 2nd TAF switched over to it at the beginning of 1945.

Hopefully HT will see fit to model some of these - particularly the 8th AF fighters as they are going to be playing a key role in Combat Tour.

Offline Krusty

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« Reply #32 on: February 20, 2006, 12:24:06 AM »
19,200 tons.... that's it.... ???

Hell a single B-52 holds more than that, I bet!!!!

Considering the 10s of thousands of fighters flown nonstop, every day, multiple sorties per day, that's a drop in the bucket. I don't have any numbers to manipulate myself, but the evidence simply isn't there.

Hell, if the collective lot of you crucify Kurfurst for claiming C3 was used in 109K-4s when all he had was an actual order, telling units to use it and you don't even have that, I think you're coming off rather 2-faced and biased.

You are, as Hitech has put it, cherry picking the data.

I'm no expert, but reading this and previous posts on the matter (many many many repetitive posts), the persona non grata Crump had the better argument. You tell ME that the most red-taped, indoctrined, no-individual-thinking-allowed US military is not going to put in print via order or manual that this gas is used, and that pilots are going to be using it anyway? I'm not going to believe you.

It was tested, that's been proven. It was never adopted. The arguments about this make perfect sense, and that seems to be the case.

So, basically, the burden of proof is up to you. Find a document that says the 8th AF was ordered to use 150 octane gas, some sort of TO like Crump suggested, or some official document that says as much.

Tons of fuel means nothing to this argument. It takes a lot of fuel to thoroughly test something out, as well. They were still having problems with 150 octane well past the war, into 1947, so I doubt very much that they'd be using it in 1944 on a widespread scale.

Okay, this is to cover my bellybutton about this post here, I just typed. I'm not necessarily against modeling 150 octane in AH. I'm against claiming it's needed because a few rare planes in one small group, based in England, tested the gas and found it unfeasible for long term use. It's like saying that the Do335 was tested in a combat zone, so it must have seen combat during the military and weapons testing part of its lifespan development. There's no proof because all the records that late in the war were destroyed or simply lost in the first place. It's like that. You can't have a double standard, and the standard has already been set. This 150 octane argument just doesn't live up to it.

Offline 38ruk

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100/150 grade use in the USAAF
« Reply #33 on: February 20, 2006, 12:47:30 AM »
Quote
19,200 tons.... that's it.... ???  Hell a single B-52 holds more than that, I bet!!!!


according to my calculations 19,200 tons  is 6,144,000 gallons of fuel . Yes millions . Thats b-52 sure is a gas hog lol.  38

EDIT: The b-52 holds 46,000 gallons of fuel. 6,144,000 equals 22,840 full p-51's/wo dt's so thats about 760 p51 sorties a day for a month. With 2 75 gallon DT's its around 490 p-51 sorties a day per month .

Disclaimer  im no math scholar
« Last Edit: February 20, 2006, 01:16:34 AM by 38ruk »

Offline Sable

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100/150 grade use in the USAAF
« Reply #34 on: February 20, 2006, 02:08:32 AM »
Quote
Originally posted by Krusty
19,200 tons.... that's it.... ???

Hell a single B-52 holds more than that, I bet!!!!

Considering the 10s of thousands of fighters flown nonstop, every day, multiple sorties per day, that's a drop in the bucket. I don't have any numbers to manipulate myself, but the evidence simply isn't there.


Why do you post if you have no numbers or evidence?  A single P-51, with 2 110 gallon drop tanks carries 489 gallons.  At 378 gallons to a ton, 19,200 tons is 7,257,600 gallons.  That would be enough for 14,841 P-51 sorties where they burned every ounce of fuel.  

From this link we can add up the 8th AF fighter sorties for Nov of 1944, and see that they flew 12,836 operational sorties for the month.  Thus, the 19,200 tons consumed was plenty to cover their operational sorties as well as other flying.  

Quote

Hell, if the collective lot of you crucify Kurfurst for claiming C3 was used in 109K-4s when all he had was an actual order, telling units to use it and you don't even have that, I think you're coming off rather 2-faced and biased.
[/b]

I wasn't involved in that discusion, and have never expressed an opinion on the matter.  Seeing as how it's completely unrelated to the topic of this thread, 8th AF useage of 150 octane fuel, I'll move on.

Quote

You are, as Hitech has put it, cherry picking the data.

I'm no expert, but reading this and previous posts on the matter (many many many repetitive posts), the persona non grata Crump had the better argument. You tell ME that the most red-taped, indoctrined, no-individual-thinking-allowed US military is not going to put in print via order or manual that this gas is used, and that pilots are going to be using it anyway? I'm not going to believe you.
[/b]

Care to point out which data I'm "cherry picking"?  Your assumption that the USAAF in world war 2 was "the most red-taped, indoctrined, no-individual-thinking-allowed" force is the problem here.  What is that based upon?  Your assumption.  Just to step outside the fuel debate here, there are a lot of examples of 8th AF units doing things differently.  Take painting aircraft - the 8th was known for gaudy paint jobs, and after factories started delivering aircraft without paint some units would continue to paint their aircraft in various custom camo schemes.  Or look at the guns of the P-51B - they had a tendency of jamming, so instead of just dealing with it and waiting for a fix to arrive from the US, some clever mechanics rigged feed motors from B26 gunner positions to solve the problem.  

Or better yet, how about the writing of General Kepner, the Commander of 8th Fighter Command himself:

A fighter pilot may well read these pages with a red pencil in his hand marking a passage here and there with the thought, "That's for me", then practice, try out and develop the technique until it becomes part of his own, or if it doesn't work out, discard it.  It is by such basic learning, plus imagination, expirement and test in combat that all techniques have been developed, and all great fighter pilots have won their many battles.

Kepner wrote that as the forward to a tactics manual that he had put together assembling the thoughts of some of his more successful pilots at the time (May 1944).  That idea of "if it works use it, if not, change it" is an example of the common-sense attitudes of the 8th, which as you can see came from the top down.  

Quote

It was tested, that's been proven. It was never adopted. The arguments about this make perfect sense, and that seems to be the case.

So, basically, the burden of proof is up to you. Find a document that says the 8th AF was ordered to use 150 octane gas, some sort of TO like Crump suggested, or some official document that says as much.
[/b]

A memo from Eisenhower himself requesting materials for the fuel at the highest urgency.  Or how about it being specifically mentioned here that the 8th AF adopted the fuel.  Or specific mention here saying that ALL replacement fighter aircraft being recieved by the 8th AF were being converted for use with the fuel.  Or how about approval from the engineering division to use higher power settings with the 150 octane fuel, seen here.  Similar documents exist for the P-47 and P-38.  Or how about the statements of a published historian on the subject, seen here.

All of this was posted in the previous threads along with statements from actual 8th AF personel describing fueling with 150 octane, modifying aircraft for 150 octane, and using the increased power settings operationally.  All of those references are for Mustangs, which is critical because as it states here, operational testing was carried out with P-47s and P-38s, not P-51s.  And we have pictures of 8th AF P-51s remarked for 150 octane fuel.

So we have document evidence that high command wanted the fuel to be used, that it was tested, that the aircraft were approved to use it, that it was delivered to all of the airbases(replacing the 100 octane that they had), that it was supplied and consumed in quantities more then sufficient to support ALL of the 8th AF's fighter ops by ALL of their units, and on top of that we have statements from the pilots and mechanics corroborating this, as well as photo evidence corroborating this.

The only evidence that was presented here and in the other threads to counter this was:
- a Techinical Order giving instructions for using low octane substitute fuels, which the last revision on was dated after the war
- a document showing worldwide consumption of 100 octane fuel, from which no 8th AF specific information could be drawn
- an unreadable chart showing fuel consumption and reserves, followed by a statement that the 8th couldn't have used 150 octane because they wouldn't have enough for reserves - this was answered by this document which clearly showed that a reserve had already been created and that supply was sufficient
- a chart showing USAAF fuel consumption in the ETO (with no specific mention of units, air forces, or fuel grades), which was claimed showed that there wasn't enough fuel for the number of sorties flown- this was shown to be false as I compared the 8th AF fighter command sorties totals to the supply of 150 octane fuel and showed that it was more then sufficient
- a chart showing the 9th AF in the MTO, with no date on it, which was claimed to show that the previous doc only listed 8th AF fuel consumption.  Since the 9th AF was originally created in the MTO, and only later moved to the ETO, it's clear that the document was from earlier date.  Not to mention that the fuel consumption totals on the previous chart must have included both 8th and 9th AF fighters, as the 8th AF couldn't possibly have come close to burning the totals listed knowing how many operational sorties they flew.

In short, there IS NO "counter-evidence" that we have seen yet that is applicable to what we are talking about.

Quote

Tons of fuel means nothing to this argument. It takes a lot of fuel to thoroughly test something out, as well. They were still having problems with 150 octane well past the war, into 1947, so I doubt very much that they'd be using it in 1944 on a widespread scale.
[/b]

Tons of fuel do matter when enough is being both delivered and consumed to support EVERY operational flight by 8th AF fighters.  It does matter when it replaced the 100 octane fuel they had been using.  It does matter when we have loads of documents, as well as statements from veterans who were there, and photos that support this.


Quote

Okay, this is to cover my bellybutton about this post here, I just typed. I'm not necessarily against modeling 150 octane in AH. I'm against claiming it's needed because a few rare planes in one small group, based in England, tested the gas and found it unfeasible for long term use. It's like saying that the Do335 was tested in a combat zone, so it must have seen combat during the military and weapons testing part of its lifespan development. There's no proof because all the records that late in the war were destroyed or simply lost in the first place. It's like that. You can't have a double standard, and the standard has already been set. This 150 octane argument just doesn't live up to it.


As I pointed out above, there is a ton of proof in the shape of period documents, statements from veterans and photos.  Also the comparison with the DO335 is silly.  We're talking about the entire 8th AF FC's operations from June/July of 44 through the end of the war.   We're talking a force of around 1000 fighters, flying 10-20k sorties a month for 9 months straight.  Thats tens of thousands of sorties, and accounts for thousands of kills and probably around 1000 losses.  That's a HUGE part of what Tour of Duty is going to simulate.  Hardly "a few rare planes in one small group".  

Compare that to the N1K2 - all of 393 production aircraft built.  Or how about the F4U-1C - all of 200 built.  Not to mention aircraft like the Me163 or Ta152.   Now obviously if these were modeled they should be perk planes in the MA, but don't we want Combat Tour to model the aircraft as they were actually used by the 8th AF?

Offline Kev367th

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100/150 grade use in the USAAF
« Reply #35 on: February 20, 2006, 02:33:19 AM »
I'm with Krusty on this one.

All we need is a few sqn logs showing 150 being used. (similar to the ones we have for the Spit 9 in May 44 / Spit 14 in July 44 / Spit 16 in Dec 1944).

You would expect there to be some somewhere mentioning the change over happening.
« Last Edit: February 20, 2006, 02:36:03 AM by Kev367th »
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Offline Neil Stirling1

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100/150 grade use in the USAAF
« Reply #36 on: February 20, 2006, 03:19:27 AM »
Peak monthly requirements.

http://www.spitfireperformance.com/150grade/26-5-44-doc.html

P51 group = 1,285 tons per month
P47 group = 1,767 tons per month
P38 group = 1,960 tons per month.

Deliveries expected.

http://hometown.aol.co.uk/JStirlingBomber/DCP_0207.JPG

Deliveries start.

http://www.spitfireperformance.com/mustang/150-fuel-13-june44-b.jpg

Actual use showing the split August 1944.

http://hometown.aol.co.uk/JStirlingBomber/DCP_0173.JPG

October 1944 estimates.

http://hometown.aol.co.uk/JStirlingBomber/DCP_0177.JPG

Actual consumption December 1944.

http://hometown.aol.co.uk/JStirlingBomber/DCP_0194.JPG

General statement April 1945.

http://hometown.aol.co.uk/JStirlingBomber/DCP_0192.JPG

North West Europe April 1945.

http://hometown.aol.co.uk/JStirlingBomber/DCP_0193.JPG

Neil.
« Last Edit: February 20, 2006, 03:32:42 AM by Neil Stirling1 »

Offline Sable

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100/150 grade use in the USAAF
« Reply #37 on: February 20, 2006, 03:46:43 AM »
Quote
Originally posted by Kev367th
I'm with Krusty on this one.

All we need is a few sqn logs showing 150 being used. (similar to the ones we have for the Spit 9 in May 44 / Spit 14 in July 44 / Spit 16 in Dec 1944).

You would expect there to be some somewhere mentioning the change over happening.


Like this  one?

Offline Kev367th

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100/150 grade use in the USAAF
« Reply #38 on: February 20, 2006, 07:38:55 AM »
Was thinking more along the lines of something equivalent to this sqn ops record -

Shows 165 Sqn (Spit LF IX) changing over to 150 grade.

http://www.spitfireperformance.com/no165_25lbs2.jpg

Notice the 5.5.44 entry stating 25lbs boost. 150 grade was needed for 25lbs boost.


There has to be something equivalent for USAF units that used 150 grade.
« Last Edit: February 20, 2006, 07:41:48 AM by Kev367th »
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Offline Neil Stirling1

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100/150 grade use in the USAAF
« Reply #39 on: February 20, 2006, 07:55:08 AM »

Offline Kev367th

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100/150 grade use in the USAAF
« Reply #40 on: February 20, 2006, 08:15:58 AM »
Hi Neil quick question -

One of your docs shows 49,000 barrels of 150 used by the RAF Aug 1944.

49,000 x 35 (ish) = 1715000 gallons (UK)

Given worst case scenario -
Spit max internal fuel = 112 + 90 external (rare) = 202 max.

That gives -
1715000 / 202 / 31 (Aug) = 274 flights per day.

Best case
Spit internal fuel 85

That gives
1715000 / 85 / 31 = 650 flights per day.

Both assume total fuel usage per flight which is unlikely.

Given that the actual average config was probably somewhere in-between, it starts to look like either there were a lot of Spits running 150 grade by Aug 44, or other RAF aircraft were also using 150.

Any idea if any other RAF aircraft used 150 (maybe the mossie?)?

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Offline Angus

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100/150 grade use in the USAAF
« Reply #41 on: February 20, 2006, 11:19:52 AM »
A simple conclusion then?
High grade fuel was available in some quite large quantities and was used/spent in large quantities, - right?
It was very interesting to carry out the flight trials at Rechlin with the Spitfire and the Hurricane. Both types are very simple to fly compared to our aircraft, and childishly easy to take-off and land. (Werner Mölders)

Offline Angus

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100/150 grade use in the USAAF
« Reply #42 on: February 20, 2006, 11:25:54 AM »
As for the Luftwaffe's quantities (Since the Allied bombing campaign was ineffective for anything except cities...sorry, couldn't resist) here is a cookie for you.
Late war, - 1945ish. This exmple is from April.
JG-6 commanded by Barkhorn get 150 brand-new 190D's delivered. They could only fly patrols of FOUR aircraft at a time due to fuel shortage.
Source: "The encyclopedia of Aircraft of WWII" editor Paul Eden.
It was very interesting to carry out the flight trials at Rechlin with the Spitfire and the Hurricane. Both types are very simple to fly compared to our aircraft, and childishly easy to take-off and land. (Werner Mölders)

Offline Krusty

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100/150 grade use in the USAAF
« Reply #43 on: February 20, 2006, 11:49:49 AM »
Quote
Originally posted by Neil Stirling1
Like this,

http://www.spitfireperformance.com/150grade/5feb45-request.pdf


Neil.


That's a very interesting document Neil, but I don't think it's good enough.

It's a memo inquiring about the possibilities of doing something. Not a statement that "that something" is being done or has been done.

It states that Doolittle only requested 3 months' worth of 100/150 fuel, only 3 months. Seems to me that's part of the testing process.

I don't know how long the fuel was tested (it seems to have been a long, drawn out, process), but this looks like merely part of the planning stages. Nothing definite.

Offline Sable

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« Reply #44 on: February 20, 2006, 02:07:26 PM »
Testing took place back in spring of 1944, and after that the 8th AF requested it be sent to all their fighter fields.

See here from March/April 1944, and here.

Note in the second document that they specifically mention that test results were satisfactory, and that necessary modifications can be carried out at the individual fields.

So we can clearly see that it was tested successfully, was requested for all their fighters, and the modifications for higher boost could be carried out at the fields.

Next we see the fuel actually delivered to the fields  
 here  and here.

Note that this second document is written by the Ground Exec Officer of the 361st FG, clearly stating that their 100 octane was replaced with 150 octane.

Right after this we have a combat report from a P-51 pilot describing using the higher boost settings made possible by 150 octane:
Quote

Captain L. Carson of the 357th wrote of a 25 July 44 combat:   "I was at house top level, flat out at 72 inces of HG (Mercury, manifold pressure) and 3,000 rpm."
      Olmsted, Merle C., To War With the Yoxford Boys, The Complete Story of the 357th Fighter Group, (Eagle Editions Ltd., Hamilton, Montana, 2004), p. 100


This is critical because the P-51 wasn't involved the in the previous operational testing, this is clearly evidence support that the 150 octane was distributed to all the 8th AF fields, and their aircraft were modified to use it.

Then we have Neil's data showing 150 octane consumption levels throughout this period, which were enough to support all of the 8th AF's fighter ops.

Then we have this  document from Nov 1944, continuing to show the high demand for 150 octane from the Eighth Air Force.

In December, the 78th FG converted over to P-51s, and we see the following statements from veterans of that unit:
Quote

Upon converting to P-51s, the 78th Fighter Group undertook the following:   "A few of the tasks were installing wing tank pressurization kits; G-suit hookups; guns sighted in; invasions strips removed; engine boost set to draw seventy two inches; landing gear switches modified; compass swung; blower switches installed; K-14 gunsights mounted; making fifty pairs of P-51 wing covers; fourty-one seat covers; repacking 155 dingies; 112 type S-1 and 170 type B-8 backstyle parachutes; and sewing up 98 silk pilot scarves."
      Fry, Garry L., Eagles of Duxford, The 78th Fighter Group in World War II., (Phalanx Publishing Company Ltd. St. Paul, MN, 1991.) p. 89.

James Tuder, crew chief with the 78th Fighter Group recalled:   "My pilot aborted a mission one day while we were using 150 octane fuel in the Mustangs. It was colored purple with dye to expose fuel leaks, not green like the 100/130 octane gas.
      Fry, Garry L., Eagles of Duxford, The 78th Fighter Group in World War II., (Phalanx Publishing Company Ltd. St. Paul, MN, 1991.) pp. 106-107.


Clear statements that the 150 octane fuel was being used, and that the airplanes were modified for the higher boost settings it allowed.  

Then we see the document that Neil posted below.  In it, in Feb of 1945 Doolittle is requesting that 150 octane be supplied to his units on the continent.  In december, 2 of the 8th's 15 fighter groups moved to the continent.  We can see that their request to supply the fuel on the continent was rejected, and ultimately those two fighter groups both moved back to england before the end of the war.  The interesting points of this, are that we can see again that there was demand for the fuel at the highest level, that the document clearly states that the 8th switched over to 150 octane, and that it states that the 8th's depots are modifying every fighter they recieve to use 150 octane before those replacements go to their individual fighter groups.

Next we have another combat report, now from March of 1945 describing using the higher power settings allowed by 150 octane fuel.

Quote

Captain L. Carson of the 357th wrote of a 30 March 1945:   "I had the throttle through the gate at 72 inches of mercury and 3000."
      Olmsted, Merle C., To War With the Yoxford Boys, The Complete Story of the 357th Fighter Group, (Eagle Editions Ltd., Hamilton, Montana, 2004), p. 121.


And finally we have pictures from a variety of fighter groups, that have remarked their Mustangs for 150 octane:

78th Fighter Group
353rd Fighter Group
352nd Fighter Group with a blowup here
357th Fighter Group

Once again, all Mustangs which as we saw above, weren't part of the early operational testing.

So we have:
1. Positive test results
2. Request for fuel, noting that mods can be carried out by service crew
3. Supply of fuel to all 8th Fighter group stations, replacing the old grade, including notes from an individual fighter groups XO attesting to the same thing
4. A combat report from a pilot describing operational use of the higher boost settings, that would only be available on an aircraft modified for 150 octane fuel (by a unit that wasn't involved in the previous testing)
5. Documents showing consumption of 150 octane, in quantities large enough to support ALL of the 8th's fighter ops
6. Statements showing the 8th's specific monthly demand for 150 octane
7. Further statements from ground crew describing modifying new aircraft for use with 150 octane, and using it operationally
8. A document showing the 8th requesting 150 octane for their 2 fighter groups on the continent, which also states that the 8th DID switch over to 150 octane, and that they are modifying every replacement aircraft they recieve to use 150 octane at the depot level
9. Another combat report from a pilot describing operational use of the higher boost settings, that would only be available on an aircraft modified for 150 octane fuel
10. And pictures from four different P-51 fighter groups showing aircraft remarked for 150 octane use - critical because the P-51 wasn't involved in the 8ths operational testing of the fuel that took place back in April/May of 44.

All of this ranging in date from June of 1944 to March of 1945, and not one peice of it indicates that there was any "testing" going on after June - just operational use by all of the 8th's Fighter Groups.