Author Topic: WWII Inline engines: Daimler Benz vs Rolls Royce vs Allison vs Klimov vs Jumo  (Read 26753 times)

Offline Angus

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WWII Inline engines: Daimler Benz vs Rolls Royce vs Allison vs Klimov
« Reply #60 on: May 25, 2007, 07:17:22 AM »
I thought the DB603 was used for the twins because it was too big for a 109 :confused:
It was very interesting to carry out the flight trials at Rechlin with the Spitfire and the Hurricane. Both types are very simple to fly compared to our aircraft, and childishly easy to take-off and land. (Werner Mölders)

Offline Captain Virgil Hilts

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WWII Inline engines: Daimler Benz vs Rolls Royce vs Allison vs Klimov
« Reply #61 on: May 25, 2007, 08:21:04 AM »
Quote
Originally posted by gripen
I don't remember where I got that number, however he certainly experienced several "Allison time Bombs" during his tour in Britain which ended in the beginning of June. He tried to solve problem there and the testing continued in the states as well.

 

It's quite logical that the problems were reduced when the air temperature increased in spring and the P-38 started fly more low altitude missions.

 

Actually it did, all P-38 units of the 8th AF converted to the P-51. And even in MTO and pacific the P-51 took over high altitude missions.



Please read the "Vee's for Victory"; the G-series V-1710 had CR 6.00:1 ie same as in the Merlin.



Please read my post, there were no Js (in the MTO) before summer 1944, however, there were J based F-5s in the MTO at winter 43/44 which experienced similar problems as Js in the ETO so local fuel can't explain the problems.



Well, once introduced to the service the P-51 with Merlin quickly replaced the P-38.



Well, that underlines the reliability problem of the Allison; it would have been removed from service if it had been in the single engined fighter. However, the reliability of the Merlin was certainly acceptable because it eventually replaced the P-38.

It can be said that the 8th AF found a quick fix to the high altitude problems of the P-38 (Allison was just one of the problems), the fix was called the P-51.



Nothing I read in Levier's report mentions him blowing several Allisons. I'll look again.

Again, read the report from Levier where solutions to the problems were found, and note that the P-38 continued to fly high altitude missions right up until they were replaced in July of 1944. Look at the unit numbers. The 20th and 55th flew escort missions until April or May, and they flew the P-38J until JULY 1944. Never said local fuel was the ONLY problem, just that it WAS a problem.

Again, read the unit histories, the 20th AND the 55th fighter groups received the P-38J-1-Lo in NOVEMBER 1943. So you are absolutely WRONG, the P-38J DID fly in the 8th AF fighter groups in 1943 and 1944.


By the way, the temperature at 25,000 to 30,000 feet varies little, regardless of the season of the year or the location on the globe. It's about as cold at 30,000 feet over the Bismark sea, or Guadalcanal, in July, as it is over France and Germany in January.


You obviously do not grasp the concept of compression ratio. The difference between 6.0:1 compression and 6.6:1 compression is not even worth measuring, and makes no real difference at all. Production tolerances will create a difference of as much as 0.1:1. The difference between 6.0:1 and 6.6:1 will not make enough difference in the amount of boost that can be run to make it necessary to adjust either the boost, the cam timing, or the ignition timing. And I should know, I worked on Allison pulling tractor engines, and I still build racing engines for a living to this day, including supercharged and turbosupercharged engines.

Yes, the 55th and 20th found a quick fix. It was Tony Levier and the Lockheed manuals. Not to mention Jimmy Doolittle's relationship with Shell Aerofuel.

Speaking of Doolittle, he flew over Normandy on 6, June, 1944 in a P-38J, while several units of the 20th flew escort and cover missions over the incasion, and they too were in Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighters.

At this point, I'm finished here. You do not understand compression ratio, you ignore the facts that the P-38 remained in service with the 20th and 55th until June, and that the P-38J was in service in the ETO from November 1943 as a frontline escort fighter. All of which are commonly known facts, seen the the records of the units. Think what you will, between holding the history books in hand and reading them, and corresponding with over a dozen P-38 pilots with the 20th and 55th fighter groups, not to mention a few from the 5th AF in the Pacific, I'm pretty well versed in the facts of where and when the P-38 was in service, and what it's operational duties and capabilities were. Enjoy your delusions.
"I haven't seen Berlin yet, from the ground or the air, and I plan on doing both, BEFORE the war is over."

SaVaGe


Offline Masherbrum

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WWII Inline engines: Daimler Benz vs Rolls Royce vs Allison vs Klimov
« Reply #62 on: May 25, 2007, 08:29:06 AM »
A shame SaVaGe is taking gripen to the woodshed on this topic.   Gripen, again, give it up.   You have been wrong on alot of your "points".
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Offline Widewing

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WWII Inline engines: Daimler Benz vs Rolls Royce vs Allison vs Klimov
« Reply #63 on: May 25, 2007, 10:06:42 AM »
Quote
Originally posted by Captain Virgil Hilts
Nothing I read in Levier's report mentions him blowing several Allisons. I'll look again.


In his book, LeVier mentions only having had one engine fail while he was in Britain. He states that he had suffered about 10 failures previously while flying the test programs stateside.

LeVier does mention that that virtually every P-38 in the ETO suffered at least one engine failure. I know of one that didn't suffer a failure over 300 hours of combat time. However, that was the exception, not the rule.

He states that during his four months attached to the 8th AF Fighter Command, almost 2,000 Allisons were replaced. He also admits that there were serious problems with the Allisons. After March of 1944, the 8th began assigning P-38 units escort altitudes as low as possible, giving high cover assignments to the Mustangs. This, combined with unit level fixes and specially blended fuel, greatly reduced the number of engine failures. Unfortunately, the much improved P-38L arrived too late and the 8th was already committed to the P-51 as their fighter.

In the MTO, the P-38L did very well, with few engine woes as compared to the ETO. They did fly far north and thru the winter of 1944-45. Some improvement could be related to warmer temperatures, but much of it is assigned to better quality fuel and the redesigned intake manifold of the Allison engines installed in the P-38L.

Now as to engine failure rates in the MTO, which someone mentioned, the Allison powered P-38s had a failure rate no greater than the P-51s.

Of course, the P-47 proved to be the most reliable fighter of the three by a big margin. R-2800s seldom failed and most failures were attributed to scavage pump failure and carburetor diaphragms rupturing due to improper pre-soaking.

My regards,

Widewing
My regards,

Widewing

YGBSM. Retired Member of Aces High Trainer Corps, Past President of the DFC, retired from flying as Tredlite.

Offline Angus

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WWII Inline engines: Daimler Benz vs Rolls Royce vs Allison vs Klimov
« Reply #64 on: May 25, 2007, 11:05:06 AM »
Hehe, Widewing waves the magic wand :aok

Anyway, the answer that many a P47 Pilot gave to the question "what was the best thing about the P47?" would be "It was strong and the engine was tough", or something like that.

BTW, why exactly did the Allison experience problems exactly at high altitude in N-Europe? What is  the difference in atmospheric conditions at high altitude, say 25K+???
There is a difference in temperature, I know, at 20K and up it is actually colder over the med, - so was the temp to high or was it a humidity issue???

And here is a sidenote about Allison Engined Mustangs.
And a little more....from history:
Geoffrey Page was involved with a pair of Allison Powered Mustangs in a deep penetration raid into France. At the time, he sais this was about the fastest low-altitude fighter in the world. They did a good run, the pair of them and finished off some unsuspecting LW aircraft. Allison was all fine, but it makes me curious that not more were kept Allison powered in this job rather than focusing on Tiffies and cropped Spitfires. BTW, were Merlin-Power Mustangs never cropped?
Then the one from history, that I finally re-discovered while looking up in my books. Page actually got into a fight with none other than Hans-Joachim Jabs, who in his 110, down and low, shot down 2 Spitfires. Page locked into his six though and shot him down. They were to become friends after the war.
It was very interesting to carry out the flight trials at Rechlin with the Spitfire and the Hurricane. Both types are very simple to fly compared to our aircraft, and childishly easy to take-off and land. (Werner Mölders)

Offline Angus

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WWII Inline engines: Daimler Benz vs Rolls Royce vs Allison vs Klimov
« Reply #65 on: May 25, 2007, 11:09:09 AM »
Oh, an addition to the Story, - there was a second deep-penetration sortie into France, but it went bad. The flight leader, James Maclachlan, either got hit (no flak seen) or suffered an engine failiure, and crash landed on a field in France. He died from his injuries some 2 weeks later.
Their first sortie yealded 6 kills.
It was very interesting to carry out the flight trials at Rechlin with the Spitfire and the Hurricane. Both types are very simple to fly compared to our aircraft, and childishly easy to take-off and land. (Werner Mölders)

Offline Widewing

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WWII Inline engines: Daimler Benz vs Rolls Royce vs Allison vs Klimov
« Reply #66 on: May 25, 2007, 11:54:21 AM »
Quote
Originally posted by Angus

BTW, why exactly did the Allison experience problems exactly at high altitude in N-Europe? What is  the difference in atmospheric conditions at high altitude, say 25K+???
There is a difference in temperature, I know, at 20K and up it is actually colder over the med, - so was the temp to high or was it a humidity issue???


P-38H: inefficient intercoolers... High intake temperatures leading to detonation and engine damage.

Same intake manifold as P-38J, resulting in some cylinders running too lean, leading to potential engine damage.

Lead coming out of solution in fuel (associated with intake manifold).

P-38J: Over-cooling of engine oil. Thickened oil does not flow well, sometimes causing oil pump cavitation. Thick oil is a problem for the turbo regulators which use engine oil as the fluid media. Resulted in runaway turbos, which could lead to over-boosting, or the turbo simply coming apart.

Same intake manifold issues as P-38H.

All P-38H and many P-38Js had a single generator. Loss of that engine meant the loss of electrical power, except for the battery. This means that the electric boost fuel pumps must be turned off. Without boost pumps, the P-38 cannot maintain fuel pressure for high altitude flight. It must descend. Cruise power could barely be maintained at 20,000 feet. For full MIL power, the P-38 pilot would have to get below 10,000 feet.

The loss of the generator or the engine spinning the generator created another problem. Loss of propeller control.

Art Heiden explains, "If a generator was lost or a low battery the Curtiss Electric prop would lose the dynamic brake and go to extreme low pitch. This was called a 'run-away'. It could happen on Take Off with a low battery. Since you couldn't feather it set up a lot of drag making it difficult to make it around to land.

The killer situation was to lose the generator or lose the engine with the generator on it while 2 or 3hrs into Germany. Procedure was to set the props then turn off all electrical power. Then momentarily turn it back on to reset the props as needed. Being sure everything electrical was also turned off -- No radios. The forgotten thing was you were at altitude and the OAT was -60 degrees F and the little old battery was cold soaked. Hence, dead as a dog. Result, with a lot of altitude you have less than an hour with one or two props in run-away.

I have no statistics to back me up on this, but believe, that more P-38s were lost from this than any other factor including combat. This simple problem did not receive attention until April, '44."

As you can see, the loss of an engine can often have cascading effects that can doom a pilot. Later J models and all Ls had two generators, greatly increasing overall reliability.

Since Aces High does not model reliability, the P-38J is nearly faultless and there's little to no advantage flying the P-38L. However, in the real world, the differences were very significant, because all of the major mechanical issues had been resolved or mitigated with the P-38L.

My regards,

Widewing
My regards,

Widewing

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Offline gripen

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WWII Inline engines: Daimler Benz vs Rolls Royce vs Allison vs Klimov
« Reply #67 on: May 25, 2007, 01:01:58 PM »
Quote
Originally posted by Captain Virgil Hilts

Again, read the report from Levier where solutions to the problems were found, and note that the P-38 continued to fly high altitude missions right up until they were replaced in July of 1944. Look at the unit numbers. The 20th and 55th flew escort missions until April or May, and they flew the P-38J until JULY 1944. Never said local fuel was the ONLY problem, just that it WAS a problem.


Well, about everyone and their dog wanted the P-51 so some groups had to wait until summer and flew missions despite the poor reliability of the Allisons at high altitude.

LeVier was trying to solve the problems at May 1944 so it is obvious that the problems were not solved that time.

Quote
Originally posted by Captain Virgil Hilts

Again, read the unit histories, the 20th AND the 55th fighter groups received the P-38J-1-Lo in NOVEMBER 1943. So you are absolutely WRONG, the P-38J DID fly in the 8th AF fighter groups in 1943 and 1944.


Please read again what I said above; there were no P-38Js in the MTO (mediterranean theatre of operations, 15th AF) before summer 1944 so the the fighter groups with the P-38 (G and H) there did not have as much problems as the 8th AF which operated P-38J during winter 43/44 in ETO. However there were F-5s in the MTO which were based on the P-38J and these had very similar problems as the P-38 groups of the 8th AF. And the point is that local fuel can't explain the problems in the ETO.

Got it?

Quote
Originally posted by Captain Virgil Hilts

By the way, the temperature at 25,000 to 30,000 feet varies little, regardless of the season of the year or the location on the globe. It's about as cold at 30,000 feet over the Bismark sea, or Guadalcanal, in July, as it is over France and Germany in January.


Actually it does vary quite a lot at high altitude depending the time of the year, even at 10000m the differences can be around 20 C or more. Besides the P-38s in the Pacific rarely flew above 20k.

Quote
Originally posted by Captain Virgil Hilts

You obviously do not grasp the concept of compression ratio. The difference between 6.0:1 compression and 6.6:1 compression is not even worth measuring, and makes no real difference at all.


Well, the point was that the Allison went towards the concepts used in the Merlin and eventually they ended to the same compression ratio in the G-series  as in the Merlin. They certainly had a reason to do that.

Quote
Originally posted by Captain Virgil Hilts

Speaking of Doolittle, he flew over Normandy on 6, June, 1944 in a P-38J, while several units of the 20th flew escort and cover missions over the incasion, and they too were in Lockheed P-38 Lightning fighters.


That was actually a definite fix; the P-38 fought the rest of the war in the lower altitudes.

Offline gripen

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WWII Inline engines: Daimler Benz vs Rolls Royce vs Allison vs Klimov
« Reply #68 on: May 25, 2007, 01:20:40 PM »
Regarding the amount of problems, Doolittle's letter written to Spaatz at 1 March 1944 gives some numbers (quoted from Ludwig's book):

"There have been 76 known Allison V-1710-89 and -91 engine failures in our P-38J aircraft during the few months they have been operating in this theater. It is not known how many more engine failures have occured over enemy territory and prohibited the aircraft from getting home, but the high loss rate of this type of aircraft indicates that there have been many. The engine failures have been occuring with increasing frequency and the situation is now critical."

There were two groups operating P-38Js in the ETO that time so it can be estimated that about half of the pilots had experienced "Allison time bomb" that time. Had the Allison been in a single engined fighter, that would have resulted about 25% losses due engine problems.


Offline DaddyAck

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WWII Inline engines: Daimler Benz vs Rolls Royce vs Allison vs Klimov
« Reply #70 on: May 29, 2007, 05:16:37 AM »
I like the DB605 :aok

Offline Viking

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WWII Inline engines: Daimler Benz vs Rolls Royce vs Allison vs Klimov
« Reply #71 on: June 03, 2007, 07:42:18 PM »
Quote
Originally posted by DaddyAck
I like the DB605 :aok



Who wouldn't? :D


Turn up the volume and listen to these two bad boys:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-16ZVyHVZU

Offline Kev367th

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WWII Inline engines: Daimler Benz vs Rolls Royce vs Allison vs Klimov
« Reply #72 on: June 03, 2007, 08:10:39 PM »
Merlin - for various reasons

a) Nothing sounds like it
b) The sheer number of different aircraft, not mks that used it.
c) That Rolls Royce started out with a Merlin II at 1030HP and ended up running a Merlin 66 at 2600HP for 15 mins in mid 1944.
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Offline humble

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WWII Inline engines: Daimler Benz vs Rolls Royce vs Allison vs Klimov
« Reply #73 on: June 03, 2007, 10:08:51 PM »
I'm always amazed at how often facts get twisted here. The simple reality is that the P-38 bore the brunt of the fighting in the ETO at a critical time. It's effectiveness at higher altitudes was hampered by the same stupidity that nuetered the P-39. In the ETO (like the P-39 in the PTO initially) both plane and pilot were overmatched by the task at hand. The end result is that pilots with insufficient training flew planes with significant teething issues and absorbed tremendous losses...more as a result of poor training and lack of experience then anything else. The bottom lne was/is simple...the P-38 was the 1st plane to serve as a "deep escort", it was the 1st plane over berlin and it made everything that followed possible. Many pilots were actually flying "G"'s...it gave better then it got and inflicted many casulties. Was the P-38 "better" then the mustang....probabvly not...but the L was very capable and could have handled the task. Remember that the best plane of ther war was available and not even put into service...The F7F not only could have taken the bombers to berlin and back....it could have helped flatten it:)....

Anyone who downplays the role the 38 played in the ETO either cant read or cant comprehend....in 1943...when the job needed doing the 38 was the only "tool" for the job....in mid 1944 many options (including the 38L existed). As for the Allison vs Merlin element...the merlin was simply a vision of what the allison was designed to be...but then again the US had a 400+mph fighter in 1939 and snipped its nuts....

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Offline MiloMorai

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WWII Inline engines: Daimler Benz vs Rolls Royce vs Allison vs Klimov
« Reply #74 on: June 03, 2007, 10:40:00 PM »
P-38 Groups in the 8th

1st FG
Feb 1 1942 fully equiped with P-38s
1st mission Sept 2 1942

14th FG
Feb 1942 first P-38s arrive
1st combat mission Oct 2 1942

20th FG
Jan 1943 equiped with P-38s
1st combat mission Dec 28 1943

55th FG
Feb 10 1942 equiped with P-38s
1st combat mission Oct 15 1943

78th FG
May 1942 equiped with P-38s
1st combat mission Apr 13 1943

82cd FG
Oct 1942 began training on P-38s
tranferred to the MTO Dec 1942

364th FG
training with P-38s from late 1943
1st comabt mission Mar 3 1944