it wasn't until they ran into the Russians that the true weakness's of the Stuka were found. It was still heavily used for close air support and short range precision bombing until the end of the war.
The weaknesses of the Stuka became glaringly apparent during the Battle of Britain. The BoB exposed the Stuka's poor maneuverability, slow speed and lack of adequate defensive firepower and to be effective, it pretty much required the Luftwaffe to have tactical air superiority to ensure the Stukas could make it to their target.
After the BoB, the Ju 87 did experience a second successful period in combat operations in the Balkans, Eastern Front and the MTO. For the most part, it was successful in these area of operations because the opposing air forces in the region were disorganized for the most part. In the MTO, it enjoyed relative success early on because at the time, Allied aircraft were '2nd tier' and when the Allied air forces started to receive better aircraft (Spitfires, Mustangs, Lightnings) and gained more control of the skies, the success of the Stuka dropped dramatically. The same in the Eastern Front in the early stages when the Soviet air force was mostly made up of obsolete aircraft and poor training, however, that soon changed when the Soviets started to field better planes and air crews and once again the Ju 87 became easy prey to fighters if unescorted.
Pretty much after the D-3 variant (that's when the dive brakes were removed) the Ju 87 stopped being a precision dive bomber and was pretty much delegated to the ground attack role with the Gustav being fielded as a dedicated tank buster.
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