There's been some spectrometers developed that are roughly hand held size.
There's been lots of lab-on-a-chip development recently, and I presume they could be swapped in and out of such a hand held device.
http://steelturman.typepad.com/thesteeldeal/2006/03/beam_me_up_scot.htmlThe Moon metric isn't particularly good. That one's due in major part to politics, not technology. Very recently some admins inside NASA have
blocked some designs that meet the requirements that Congress
demanded of NASA for the launcher that's meant to replace Shuttle. Also see the rotten practices of ATK relative to the use of its solid rocket boosters. The list goes on.
FTL - Look up Mach/Woodward Effect thrusters and wormhole generators.
http://www.cphonx.net/weffect/alt.phphttp://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?topic=13020.0 (it's as long as it's comprehensive in debate)
Not arguing this is it, or how likely it is to pan out, but arguing the dynamics of it: this thing is not researched, only shunned. No one that I've seen has successfully defeated the theoretical foundations of the conjecture (unlike any of the other fringe items like EM Drive, Blacklightpower, etc), only argued the ludicrousness of its implications. A symptom of a less-than-ruthless search for game changing science and technology.
etc-
Metamaterials, memristors, nanotube and graphene applications, organ synthesis, solid roadmap to curing aging, RNA nanomanufacture, major gene sequencing advances, many different schemes attempting useful fusion in ITER's shadow, Thorium fission schemes in the meantime (China just announced they're doing it), numerous alternatives to traditional silicon schemes to computing so Moore's Law-ish progress in computing power continues for the foreseeable future, significant progress in AI automation....