Dads, the design code establishes the level of safety of a structure, this has no bearing on safety, this is just attempting to come up with the most efficient design. You could design a bridge with the same level of safety as one that cost a million dollars less all based on how you did it. So deciding on pier locations, number of piers, material, type of bridge, are all important steps in determining the most economical way to design a bridge without compromising safety. They are not related because regardless of how you arrange your elements, they all must be designed to AASHTO design specification.