A handful of aircraft so horribly designed that they needed the parasitic drag of external bracing just to fly. Good show ol' Chap.
Horribly designed? The first one I showed is the Hall Bulldog, designed by Bob Hall. Who was Bob Hall? He designed the Gee Bee Model Z and dominated the Cleveland air races in 1931. He designed the Bulldog for the 1932 race. Hall would go on to be the Chief Engineer at Grumman from the late 30s through the early 1970s. I suspect he wouldn't be interested in the aeronautical wisdom and critique of a biology major.
The third aircraft is the Curtiss A-12 Shrike ground attack aircraft. It entered service in 1933. In China, the A-12 proved effective against the Japanese, even downing 3 or 4 Japanese dive bombers. Some were still in service when the U.S. entered the war. When it first flew, it was considered a cutting edge design.
The bottom photo shows the Boeing P-26, aka "Peashooter". First flown in 1932, it reached squadrons in 1933. At the time, it was a world class fighter. P-26s shot down three Zeros in the Philippines.
All of the above were at the leading edge of aeronautical design in the early 1930s, a time when the great powers were still largely equipped with biplanes. To state that they were horribly designed is the defensive ranting of someone utterly ignorant of the topic, "ol chap".
