Author Topic: Spitfire IX Armament  (Read 14336 times)

Offline Karnak

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« Reply #60 on: January 13, 2004, 02:20:45 AM »
Guppy35,

I've never seen an answer to this either.  My guess has been based on the huge whines generated by the F.Mk IX that we have.  Can you imagine the complaints if it were an LF.Mk IX?  Essentially I'm guessing that it is a balance issue and the F.Mk IX was selected to reduce the Spitfire's dominance.

Note that WarBirds also models the Spitfire Mk IX as a Merlin 61 powered Spitfire F.Mk IX.
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Offline Kweassa

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« Reply #61 on: January 13, 2004, 03:45:49 AM »
AH needs to take away the hybrid armament of the '42 Spit9.

 Then, model in a separate Spit lfMkIX with merlin66, and perk it at about 1~2 points.

Offline Guppy35

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« Reply #62 on: January 13, 2004, 10:36:17 AM »
Quote
Originally posted by Kweassa
AH needs to take away the hybrid armament of the '42 Spit9.

 Then, model in a separate Spit lfMkIX with merlin66, and perk it at about 1~2 points.



You'd perk a 1943 Spit?  If you perk it at all, you'd better be perking the 190s it was developed to counter.  Throw in any number of other planes in this game too then too :)


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Offline HoHun

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« Reply #63 on: January 13, 2004, 12:51:10 PM »
Hi Guppy,

>In fact testing against Arnim Faber's 190 and a Merlin 61 Spit IX lead to  the development of the Merlin 66.

Thanks, that's highly interesting information. I often wondered why the RAF developed such a dedicated high altitude Spitfire as the Merlin 61/+15 lbs variant to counter the low/medium level Focke-Wulf. (This Spitfire was clearly superior above 8 km, but up to that altitude, the Focke-Wulf still ruled.)

The Merlin 66/+18 lbs Spitfire F. IX was a much better match, being only 10 km/h behind the Fw 190's speed at the altitudes where it was slower, 30 km/h faster at the Fw 190's gear change altitude, and it had the edge above 8 km, too.

On the other hand, it's obvious why the RAF had a serious problem with the single-stage supercharged Spitfire V even when boosted to +16 lbs.

Whatever happened to the Spitfire III, by the way? With the two-stage Merlin XX, it would have been superior at altitude to the Spitfire V, and probably been a tougher opponent for the Fw 190 as a result.

Regards,

Henning (HoHun)

Offline Guppy35

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« Reply #64 on: January 13, 2004, 02:48:39 PM »
Quote
Originally posted by HoHun
Hi Guppy,

>In fact testing against Arnim Faber's 190 and a Merlin 61 Spit IX lead to  the development of the Merlin 66.

Thanks, that's highly interesting information. I often wondered why the RAF developed such a dedicated high altitude Spitfire as the Merlin 61/+15 lbs variant to counter the low/medium level Focke-Wulf. (This Spitfire was clearly superior above 8 km, but up to that altitude, the Focke-Wulf still ruled.)

The Merlin 66/+18 lbs Spitfire F. IX was a much better match, being only 10 km/h behind the Fw 190's speed at the altitudes where it was slower, 30 km/h faster at the Fw 190's gear change altitude, and it had the edge above 8 km, too.

On the other hand, it's obvious why the RAF had a serious problem with the single-stage supercharged Spitfire V even when boosted to +16 lbs.

Whatever happened to the Spitfire III, by the way? With the two-stage Merlin XX, it would have been superior at altitude to the Spitfire V, and probably been a tougher opponent for the Fw 190 as a result.

Regards,

Henning (HoHun)


My understanding from all I've read is that the Merlin XX was not available in sufficent numbers for the Spit III as the Hurricane II was also using that engine.  With the Spit V the next step and easier to get into production with the Merlin 45, it took precedent.

I suppose the Spit III in essence was the first aborted attempt in to what became the Spitfire VIII.

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Offline HoHun

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« Reply #65 on: January 13, 2004, 03:27:23 PM »
Hi Guppy,

>My understanding from all I've read is that the Merlin XX was not available in sufficent numbers for the Spit III as the Hurricane II was also using that engine.  

I'd agree, but as the Hurricane II was typically used for ground attack missions, why wasn't the Merlin 45 mounted to the Hurricane and the Merlin XX to the Spitfire? That might have been more adequate for both aircraft, I believe.

(On the other hand, I'm not sure about the time line - if the Hurricanes were up-engined in response to the Battle of Britain where they still were used as air superiority fighters, it might actually make sense.)

>With the Spit V the next step and easier to get into production with the Merlin 45, it took precedent.

Well, from 6 km up, the Merlin XX offered a performance advantage over the Merlin 45. Even if we accept that the Hurricane II/Spitfire V pair was the most sensible combination at the time, I'm surprised that not at least a few Spitfire IIIs were built when the fight moved to ever higher altitudes in 1941.

(Likewise, a Hurribomber or a Hurricane IID with a Merlin 45 would have been much better than the Merlin XX-engined aircraft actually used for these specific jobs.)

Regards,

Henning (HoHun)

Offline Kweassa

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« Reply #66 on: January 13, 2004, 03:31:05 PM »
Quote
You'd perk a 1943 Spit? If you perk it at all, you'd better be perking the 190s it was developed to counter. Throw in any number of other planes in this game too then too  


 Unfortunately Gupps, the current usage levels of MA planes clearly indicate that pure performance specs in numbers, are not necessarily the only thing that forms the motive behind usage. ;)

 Among the top five planes which constitute 45~50% of planes in the MA the Spit9 is the only plane pre-'44, and still sees considerable usage.

 If we model in a separate '43 Spit9 with even more powerful specs, then the whole '42 Spit9 crowd will just move on to the '43 Spit9 - with the '42 Spit9 dying off in usage, as the P-51B is almost never chosen over the P-51D.

 So the only way we can justify the implementation of two different types of the same plane, is to retain reasonable usage for both types, while none being domninat in the Arena. So, slap on about 2 perks on it and that should do it. :D
 
ps) Ofcourse, under that logic, I also have many many other planes which should be perked, but that's another story :D

Offline Guppy35

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« Reply #67 on: January 13, 2004, 04:21:11 PM »
Quote
Originally posted by HoHun
Hi Guppy,

>My understanding from all I've read is that the Merlin XX was not available in sufficent numbers for the Spit III as the Hurricane II was also using that engine.  

I'd agree, but as the Hurricane II was typically used for ground attack missions, why wasn't the Merlin 45 mounted to the Hurricane and the Merlin XX to the Spitfire? That might have been more adequate for both aircraft, I believe.

(On the other hand, I'm not sure about the time line - if the Hurricanes were up-engined in response to the Battle of Britain where they still were used as air superiority fighters, it might actually make sense.)

>With the Spit V the next step and easier to get into production with the Merlin 45, it took precedent.

Well, from 6 km up, the Merlin XX offered a performance advantage over the Merlin 45. Even if we accept that the Hurricane II/Spitfire V pair was the most sensible combination at the time, I'm surprised that not at least a few Spitfire IIIs were built when the fight moved to ever higher altitudes in 1941.

(Likewise, a Hurribomber or a Hurricane IID with a Merlin 45 would have been much better than the Merlin XX-engined aircraft actually used for these specific jobs.)

Regards,

Henning (HoHun)


Quoting a guy who ought to know :)  From Jeffrey Quill:

"The Mark III for example, which flew in only prototype form, was really designed to exploit the first Merlin engine to be fitted with a two-speed supercharger providing increased power over a wider height band.  So the opportunity was taken to redesign the windscreen, develop a retractable tail wheel and experiment with a wing of considerably reduced span and greater armament potential.  Although the Mark III did not go into production, these other refinements found their way into other production marks."

(Not tough to see the connection to the VII, VIII and XII among others)

Quoting Quill again regarding the high alt fighting:

"Then at some indefinate time in 1942, there seemed to be a change of tactical philosophy on both sides.  It was rather as if by some sort of tacit mutual consent between enemies, it was realized that the band betwen 30,000 and 40,000 feet was a really silly place in which to have an air battle, and the fighting tended to drop down into more practical regions roughly between 15,000 and 25,000 feet."

He goes on to talk about the Merlin 66 after this.

personally I think there is a more obvious explanation for the change in that the bombers that the Spits were escorting, Mitchells, Marauders, Venturas, Bostons etc, did their best work at those heights between 15 and 25K.

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Offline HoHun

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« Reply #68 on: January 13, 2004, 06:04:41 PM »
Hi Guppy,

>From Jeffrey Quill:

Thanks again! Very informative. It also explains why sometimes even the Spitfire V is considered a "stopgap" variant - it didn't have the refinements of the Spitfire III.

>a wing of considerably reduced span

Hm, sounds like a more radical change than just the standard clip wing.

>Then at some indefinate time in 1942, there seemed to be a change of tactical philosophy on both sides.  

I wonder whether the Fw 190 played a role in that. It was the predominant Luftwaffe fighter in the west and couldn't really get up to the altitudes the Me 109 and the Spitfire could reach.

Interestingly, the Luftwaffe had scheduled series production of the Fw 190B-1 (edit: high altitude fighter! :-)  to begin in June 1942 but canceled it in at short notice. The Fw 190B-1 was to be based on the Fw 190A series, retaining the same BMW801D engine.

Considering it wasn't much different from the A model, it's quite suprising that at 10 km, it exceeded even the Merlin 61 Spitfire IX's performance. (A better comparison of course would be a true HF Spitfire, but I'm surprised anyway :-)

Why the Fw 190B series was canceled remains mysterious. I'd suspect that it was realized that for the Eastern Front, the Fw 190A was better suited anyway, and the Luftwaffe's main combat effort was dedicated to the East in 1942 - 1943.

Development of a high-altitude fighter continued and finally lead to the Ta 152H, but no high-altitude Focke-Wulf was fielded prior to that. (At one point, Focke-Wulf even pointed out that a twin was better suited for high-altitude flight and offered to fit the Fw 187 with DB605 engines.)

>personally I think there is a more obvious explanation for the change in that the bombers that the Spits were escorting, Mitchells, Marauders, Venturas, Bostons etc, did their best work at those heights between 15 and 25K.

Quite plausible. The question is, when did the RAF intensify their bombing campaign? It's my impression that initially, the bombers were used more as a bait for Luftwaffe fighters, and bombing results didn't really matter.

Regards,

Henning (HoHun)

Offline Guppy35

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« Reply #69 on: January 13, 2004, 07:01:55 PM »
Quote
Originally posted by HoHun


>personally I think there is a more obvious explanation for the change in that the bombers that the Spits were escorting, Mitchells, Marauders, Venturas, Bostons etc, did their best work at those heights between 15 and 25K.

Quite plausible. The question is, when did the RAF intensify their bombing campaign? It's my impression that initially, the bombers were used more as a bait for Luftwaffe fighters, and bombing results didn't really matter.

Regards,

Henning (HoHun)


It appears that this intensified in early 42 as the RAF got new aircraft such as the Boston III, Venturas, more Mossies etc.  My main interest has always been the timeframe the Spit XII operated which was 43-44 and the Spit XII logbook copies I have show numerous escort to Mitchells, Bostons, Venturas and Maruaders.  Just checking one logbook showed 19 escort missions in August and September 43, all going to LW airfields.

There was little reason for the Luftwaffe to respond early on to single or a few Stirlings or Blenheims escorted by mobs of Spits, as they did little damage, but as things picked up, it was a way to get the LW off the ground for the Spits, Tiffies etc to go after them in a war of attrition

A quick look at the History of 2 Group RAF shows they were doing the same thing to the airfields in Blenheims in mid to late 41 as well with heavy escort of Spits, and in some cases Whirlwinds.  Interestingly enough it describes 3 types of operations flown.  One being high alt fighter Sweeps to try and get the LW to fight on the best terms of the fighters.  Another was purely based on the best operating alts for the bombers, which was much lower and the third was a mix and match of the two.  Clearly over time, the medium alt escorted bombers must have proved to be the best way to get the LW into the air as by 43 thats all they were doing based on the logbooks I've seen.

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Offline VO101_Isegrim

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« Reply #70 on: January 14, 2004, 07:08:33 AM »
Naswan & Guppy,

The manual?

"When wing bombs are carried in addition to a fuselage bomb or drop tank, takeof must be made only from a smooth hard runway"

"When carried, the 90 (or 170) gallon drop tank must be jettisoned before any dive bombing is commenced"

"Except in emergency, the fuselage bomb or drop tank must be jettisoned before landing with wing bombs fitted"


Well that`s definietely more prompt ...

Which should tell you several things

1. wing bombs and centre bomb/ drop tank was used.


... in a condition that was considered an "overload" (=not normal, routine, but highly stressfull for the airframe), and was only allowed if smmoth, hard runway is provided. Otherwise, NO.


2. landing with bomb or drop tank fitted was okay, providing wing bombs are not carried
3. landing with wing bombs fitted was okay, providing centreline bomb/drop tank was not carried


OK, so in short, your theory fails. Why ? My position, as well as the guys at the Stockholm webiste was that the u/c was simple not strong enough to cope with the stresses put on by the extra weight of the two stage Merlin and the extra Hispano guns. You claimed that it was all possible, because, as you said, it could routinely, easily etc. take the stress of all the 1000 lbs exteral ordonance.. yet even you found out that the manaul simply states it could not. It could not take the stress of an 1000 lbs ordonance, 1000lbs was pushing it to it`s very LIMITS. It couldn`t cope with it even on takeoff which means a lot lower stress factor than landing, unless a smooth, hard runway is provided. Pretty much tells you how much the u/c could take. Or the structure itself. And that`s the core of the question if you still hadn`t lose the string of it : could the Mk IX`s structure cope with the extra weight with ease ? Not really what bomb configs it could carry (which was your example, and put the discussion onto a sidetrack). Guppy did a pretty good work in convincing me it actually carried it in service, even though only under the abovementioned limitations and restrictions, which point towards srtuctural limitations occuring and not very significant loads. As for the oral story about the load that now inflated to 1500 lbs (Spitfire discussions usually have this ballon-like nature, the mythology always just gets richer), I guess it`s merely a mix up with a total of 1000 lbs load... Of course any nice pictures in 1000+2x250 load would be interesting, even though I cannot think how would there be ground clearance for an 1000 lbs bomb if there`s visibly so little room between the fin and the ground (a usual problem with fitting large bombs to non-tricycle l/g fighters)

"Don`t dive when significant extra weight is carried" - does this reads you as great abilty to cope with the extra load?

"Don`t takeoff with a flimsy 454 kg load unless a smooth runway is provided, and remind yourself, you are overloading your airplane". Seafires squadrons in 1943 managed to knock themselves out within a month or two, mostly due to undercarriage failures on landings.  Does this reads to you as an u/c that can take the stress with ease on a regular basis?

Spits loosing wings in dives if the wing bombs are still attached (and many times not even that was required ;) ) - does this reads you as the wing`s excellent ability to take extra stresses from extra load?

It does not to me.

In any case, the question is why did not the Mk IXs carried 4x20mms on any meaningful scale, when both previous and later Marks did so. 'The RAF just didn`t want that.' Oh sure. The Spit could go Mach 2 just as easy, they just didn`t want that to happen.. Interesting though, they did work on that all the time, they did work on the equip Mark Vs with 4 Hispanos, which had the same wing as the Mk IXs... even when, to quote Guppy, "RAF requirements were looking at potentially 6 cannon armament for fighters at the time, May 1942." So they were looking for no less than SIX cannons at the time the Mk IX appeared, but didn`t want four...? They wanted six cannons, but for some strange reason, they didn`t even think about applying a 4 cannon config on, let`s see, the most common type of all Spitfires in the second half of war? They worked for 3 years - at the same time the Mk IX was introduced - to redesign the Spitfire`s wing (WHY was that needed...?), which led to the Mk 21 and later ones, with 4 cannon armament again? Why bother at all, why wait for 3 years for a 4 cannon fighter again, if it was sooooo easy to mount another pair into the C wing of the Mk IX...? And isn`t it tells you even a little bit, that on the Spit`s design, the whole weight of the aircraft in the end was carried by the WINGs themselves, not the fusalage. Do you really say that it`s a mere coincidence, that as the weight of Spitfires grew, the 4 cannon armament was abandoned in service use, despite earlier success with lighter Marks, and then, by coincidence, it was suddenly re-introduced with the first "heavy" Spitfire that mounted a redesigned wing structure...? OH, and please don`t tell that the 4 cannon armement was suddenly needed in 1945, but not before. The RAF was flying against the very same planes as it did in 1942, the FW 190, Me 109, Ju 88, He 111 etc. sturcture or armor protection didn`t change in a meaningful way that would require doubling the firepower.

In any case, I think it`s got pretty long, and all pro and contra arguements has been added. Thank u for it in any case.

As for the little guy who plays his usual one-man show in the background of every thread I post, it gives me enough pleasure to know that he spends most of his life about hating and trying to blackmail me, registering several nicknames for that high purpose, and replying to his own posts with 'them' to get at least some attention... Everyone gets a life he deserves, hehe. :aok
« Last Edit: January 14, 2004, 07:21:38 AM by VO101_Isegrim »

Offline Nashwan

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« Reply #71 on: January 14, 2004, 07:28:38 AM »
Quote
OK, so in short, your theory fails. Why ? My position, as well as the guys at the Stockholm webiste was that the u/c was simple not strong enough to cope with the stresses put on by the extra weight of the two stage Merlin and the extra Hispano guns. You claimed that it was all possible, because, as you said, it could routinely, easily etc. take the stress of all the 1000 lbs exteral ordonance


No, there is a difference between the stress of 1000 lbs of bombs, or 1300 lbs of bombs and drop tank, and 245 lbs of guns and ammunition.

Quote
yet even you found out that the manaul simply states it could not. It could not take the stress of an 1000 lbs ordonance, 1000lbs was pushing it to it`s very LIMITS.


1000lbs was pushing it, but 245 lbs was not, as shown by the manual implying landing with 500 lbs of bombs, either on the wings or fuselage, was ok.

Why is it you think that if 1000 lbs or 1300 lbs was overload condition, 245 lbs must be as well?

Offline VO101_Isegrim

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« Reply #72 on: January 14, 2004, 07:47:25 AM »
Why is it you think that if 1000 lbs or 1300 lbs was overload condition, 245 lbs must be as well?

Can you carry a 70 lbs backpack once in a month without a degradation in your health?

Can you carry a 30 lbs backpack in every hour on EVERY single day without your back starting to look like Quasimodo`s after a year or two?

External load is occasional, and so is the stress it means.
Fixed armement is a permanent load, and so is the stress that comes with it.

BTW, if you accept that 1000 lbs is already an overload, than how much is a 'normal' load? Say 500 lbs . How much is left of that, if another permanent 250 lbs is added? 250 lbs. Wow... that`s some bombload, so you will have to overload the plane every time you want some serious ground attack to happen. That would require of course prepeared runways etc... Sounds a bit impractical, I guess the RAF though the same about that.

The point is, it was the structure that was the limiting factor, not the RAF`s will. First as because the RAF was no God and could not just do what it wanted against phyisical realities, second because it`s quite clear from the development history of the Spit that they pushed 4-cannon armament before and after the Mk IX, which makes me think there was something incompatilbe between the Mk IX and the 4-cannon mounts. And it just fits so well that the very same, just lighter airframe of the Mk V could cope with it.

Offline Guppy35

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« Reply #73 on: January 14, 2004, 10:46:03 AM »
Well it's not that I wasn't warned about you Isegrim :)

SO you don't acknowledge that the Spit IX carried the 500 pounder 2 250 pound bombs on a regular basis?  I posted enough photos of it and if you look closely enough, they were operating off of PSP airfields on the continent.

As for the 4 cannon armament.  What part don't you understand about the performance loss vs the gain of the extra cannon?  The Spit Vcs that went to Malta with 4 cannon all had one set removed as the performance penalty far outweighed the added firepower.  They found that 2 cannon did the job just fine.  If you've got a fighter, like the Spit that has turning ability etc as it's greatest asset, it makes little sense to give it away by adding the second cannon, when the job can be done with 2.  That they continued to build the C or Universal Wing with its two cannon bays and ammo bays, seems silly based on your assumption.  Why did they not revert to the B wing which was less work to build internally?

In 25 years of Spit research, I've never seen it written or heard from a Spit pilot that weak wings was the reason the IX didn't carry 4 cannon.  But IPMS Stockholm says it, so it must be fact right?

How then did S/L Eric Gibbs of 54 Squadron flying out of Australia on operations manage to have 4 cannon on his VIII when it's all up weight was more then the IX.  That's a C wing, that is interchangable with an IX.

Note the image

Once again, did the IX have the abilty to carry 4 cannon?  Yes. Note the C Wing diagram image with the twin cannon and ammo bays.

Did it carry 4 cannon regularly?  No.  The performace loss did not outweigh the gain of 4 cannon.  Like I mentioned before.  Not many 109 pilots wanted to go into a dogfight with a wing gondolas and extra cannon.  Attacking bombers, it made sense, in an ACM environment it did not.  The Spit IXs weren't attacking bombers, they were dealing with German fighters.

I realize that once you've made up your mind, in particular in reference to Spits and the RAF, there is no talking to you, but I figured it was worth one more shot.

Dan/Slack



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Offline MiloMorai

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« Reply #74 on: January 14, 2004, 10:53:43 AM »
Lets see, Barbi claims the Spit IX had weak u/c and the tyres could not take the load because of the increase of weight from Merlin 45/50/55 series engines to Merlin 60 series engines. To offset this weight increase, he claims 2 of the 20mm H-S cannons were removed. (Total weight 444lb with ammo > from his chart)

Yet weights in the form of bombs up to 1000lb (a difference of +456lb) could be carried (photo proofs posted).

Max weight for the Spitfire V was 7300lb, yet for the same airframe with a heavier engine:eek: the max weight was 9500lb for the Spifire IX (a difference of +2200lb)

Now he is squirming, changing the tune he sings, saying only a hard prepared surface was needed. Perf steel matting is not exactly a prepared surface. Many hard surface airfields in France, Belgium and Holland.:) (Bodenplatte was against hard smooth airfields) So what, it is still up to 1756lb more than if the 4 20mm H-S cannons had been fitted. So much for your claim the u/c was weak on the Spitfire MkIX. There is no restriction on a 500lb load to the type of surface, yet this is more than the weight of the 2 removed 20mm cannon. Landing on the ground is not like the "controlled crashes" a naval a/c does when trapping.

LF OoB
Mid year 1944 > 840 twin engine bombers
Year end 1944 > 294 multi engine a/c
April 1945 > 37 multi engine a/c


Not enough German a/c to be bothered with having an extra pair of 20mm cannons. P-47s and P-51s had no trouble using their 0.50" to down LW a/c.:) What you can't fathom Barbi is that there was not an operational neccesity for 4 cannons as the 2 cannons and 4 hmgs were good enough for destroying LW a/c and ground targets.


"(Spitfire discussions usually have this ballon-like nature, the mythology always just gets richer)"

Unlike Me109 threads which start that way.:D

The Spitfire could do Mach 0.89.:)

Guppy, it is a waste of time with Barbi, his hate for the Spitfire is to great. All that can be done is to control the damage he does with his anti-Spirfire campaigns.



Enjoying your "vacation" from Ubi for your obnoxious behaviour are we Barbi?