Eskimo, not sure of what you want me to answer here ...
Al's plane will take off in 100ft, Bob's in less than AL's, and Chuck in less than Bob's. No rotational inertia will not mean that
Chuck's plane will take off in 0ft.The rotational inertia will just make it harder to spin the wheels, which will translate to the plane as drag. If you remove the rotational inertia of the wheels, you remove the drag induced by the wheel mass on the wheel axle.
You still have the aerodynamic drag of the wheel, plus the wheel drag induced by the contact of the tire to the ground plus all the gazzilions drag forces that apply to the plane.
So back to the "original question"
" If an airplane is on a large conveyor belt and is trying to take off by exerting the thrust needed to move forward at 100knots, and the conveyor belt starts moving backwards at 100 knots, will the plane be able to take off, or will it just sit stationary relative to the ground, with the backwards speed of the conveyor belt counteracting the forward thrust of the plane?" Since you guys masturbate your brain with the conveyor, just remove the sucker. All the conveyor does is spin my wheels at 100knots. So suspend my plane in the air with a crane. Get an electric engine that spins my wheels at 100 knots, release me and watch me pancake myself.
Or the question is actually, I'm acceleration to 100kt and
at 100kt the wheels spin backward ... will I take off?
Or the question is actually, I'm acceleration to 100kt and
at 100kt I lock the wheels ... will I take off?
What needs 13 pages of debating?
