I remember flying in the Pearl Harbor Scenario back in Air Warrior which was very similar to what you describe. Of course there was no manning guns then but frame 1 and the surprise was handled by giving the Allied side a set number of picket planes. The rest of the allied pilots were allowed to spawn but not to take off until the enemy was spotted.
It was very tense waiting on the runway, waiting to hear that our pickets had discovered the incoming attack force. Fortunately for us a lone Japanese pilot went rogue (I believe he was a walkon) and got spotted by one of our pickets which allowed the whole Allied air force to take off. The battle was really something else.
As Viper said game play, fun, and having a setup where both sides have a roughly equal chance of success are very important to FSO. If a designer goes to far toward historical accuracy issues can arise since some setups are just not suited for meeting both objectives .. historical accuracy but with both sides have an equal chance of success.
Frame 1 of a PH FSO would be the tough one to design. All the allies being on the ground manning guns or only being able to take off after the Japanese attack would be very rough for the allies and possibly not a lot would find that fun. Actually since many people enjoy action there might be some Japanese players that wouldn't care for it either.
You could turn on radar but since AH allows you to see the radar coverage an IJN force could plot a path around it. You could use pickets but then there is a chance of the allies still not taking off before the Japanese attacks. Although maybe people would like that tension. Or maybe you can build in a launch time for the allies. Say IJN on Frame 1 launches at T+0 but allies don't get to launch until T+30 except for maybe say a small force of planes conducting maneuvers.
So I guess yes, you can build a what if to sort of give the tension of the historical event but still make it playable. Just would need a lot of careful design for frame 1. For frame 2, well the allies have already been attacked. I would allow the allies to launch at T+0 and frame 2 with the USN CVs looking for revenge would also T+0.