Yikes
Although none of the Marine pilots involved in the Midway fight had fired a shot in anger previously, the senior officers had enough experience flying that most survived. Only two casualties were regular Marines. Most of the squadron's pilots were reservists, 10 of whom went MIA after being shot down. Their squadron, VMF-221, had formed in San Diego in July of 1941. After Pearl Harbor, the squadron size was increased by adding reservists and the unit was transferred to Ewa in Hawaii where they prepared to deploy to Midway. Saratoga delivered the squadron to the atoll on Christmas day, 1941. Gradually, the unit was being re-equipped with F4F-3s. The transition was slow due to the bulk of Wildcats being assigned to carrier squadrons. Replacements for those lost during the Coral Sea battle meant that six additional Wildcats slated for VMF-221 were transferred to carrier squadrons. Instead of having 13 F4Fs at Midway, they only had 7. Of those, only 6 were committed, with one undergoing an engine change at the time. One F4F and one F2A-3 were forced to abort and return to base with mechanical trouble.
On March 10, 1942, four of VMF-221's F2A-3s discovered a Mavis flying boat while on routine patrol. Capt. James Neefuss shot it down. Neefuss was not involved in the Midway battle, and it appears that he was transferred from the squadron prior to June.
One of VMF-221's Wildcat pilots shot down a Zero and damaged two others. He survived the fight and would go on to be the Marine's first ace. His name? Capt. Marion E. Carl. Like every member of VMF-221 who flew into combat that day, Carl was awarded the Navy Cross. At Guadalcanal, he would earn a second Navy Cross and finish the war with 18.5 kills. In addition to the two Navy Crosses, he was also awarded 3 DFCs and 13 Air Medals. Midway was Carl's first combat.
It is interesting that the original claims for the Marine Corps show VMF-211 totaled 19 kills. Post war examination shows that 10 were certainly downed, but it is hard to determine the true tally because several these Japanese went down on Midway and were claimed by AA gunners as well. Some of these may have been shot down by the Marine pilots, but it is impossible to determine with any certainty. Japanese records report that 9 Zeros failed to return. Surviving Marine pilots claimed 3 Zeros destroyed and 3 more damaged. No one knows if or how many Japanese aircraft were shot down by Marines who did not survive the fight. One investigator believes that 6 additional D3a and B5N types were probably shot down by the missing Marine pilots. Another historian attributes 3 to them.
As I stated previously, when you consider the difficulty and complexity of the tactical circumstances as well as the inexperience of the Marine pilots, they did better than one would think possible.
My regards,
Widewing